The British People & Americans could be Israelites

The British People & Americans could be Israelites

                                                                                                                              By Douglas S. Winnail

                                                                                                               Source: www.TomorrowsWord.org

The Chosen People

     Prominent in the Bible are a series of detailed prophecies that God gave to Abraham and a line of his descendants who became the nation of Israel. God promised that in return for Abraham’s obedience, his descendants would multiply and become great, would inherit specific lands, and would give rise to kings (Genesis 12:1–7; 13:12–16; 17:15–16). They would "possess the gates of those who hate them." God would use them to bless "all the nations of the earth" (Genesis 22:17–18; 24:60). God stipulated that these promises would pass on through his son Isaac (Genesis 17:21) and to his grandson Jacob who in turn had 12 sons (Genesis 35:23–26), from whom came the twelve tribes of the house (or nation) of ancient Israel. The ultimate fulfillment of the promises to Abraham passed through Jacob’s son Joseph, to his sons Manasseh (who would become a great nation) and Ephraim (who would become a company [commonwealth] of nations as noted in Genesis 48:17–19). The descendants of the sons of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel (Genesis 32:28; 35:10), were to be known by his new name—Israelites (Genesis 48:6, 16). This is an important key to remember if we are to understand Bible prophecy. When the term "Israelites" is found in biblical prophecies, it usually refers to the descendants of the ten tribes that were part of the northern kingdom of Israel, while the term "Jews" usually refers to the descendants of Judah (another of Jacob’s sons) who were the primary peoples of the kingdom of Judah.

     God had a purpose in selecting the descendants of Jacob (Israel) as His chosen people (Exodus 19:3–6). He gave them His laws so they could become a light and an example to the nations of the world (Deuteronomy 4:1–10). They were told that if they obeyed the laws of God they would be blessed, but that if they disobeyed they would face serious consequences (Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 28). Both the kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah failed in their mission to be lights to the world, and were carried into captivity—Israel to Assyria and beyond, and Judah to Babylon. The Jews returned to Jerusalem after 70 years in captivity, and are a recognizable people and nation today. The peoples of Israel never returned, and became known to history as the "lost ten tribes." However, both the Bible and history offer clues about the location and modern national identities of these "lost" tribes of Israelites—tribes that play a major role in Bible prophecy and the plan of God.

     In Genesis, Moses recorded prophecies that would help identify the nations of Israel in the "last days" (Genesis 49:1–28). The descendants of Judah are easily identified in these prophecies as the Jews, who would revere the law of God and produce the Messiah (Genesis 49:8–12). Intriguingly, though, when you study the prophetic descriptions of the other tribes of Israel, you cannot help noticing that these descriptions fit modern nations in (or originating from) northwest Europe. The descendants of Reuben were to become powerful, have notions of grandeur and an amorous reputation, but will lack national stability (consider France: Genesis 49:3–4). The descendants of Zebulun would dwell by the sea and become a mercantile people (consider Holland: Genesis 49:13). The descendants of Dan would leave their mark as they traveled across Europe from their base in the Middle East (consider Denmark and Ireland). The descendants of Joseph (Manasseh and Ephraim) were to become a colonizing people, dwelling in the choice places of the earth yet apart from their continental cousins (consider Britain, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa: Genesis 49:22–26). The specific prophecies about Manasseh and Ephraim—to become a great nation and a company [commonweath] of nations who possess the gates of their enemies—accurately identify the U.S. and Britain (Genesis 48:19). While skeptics may scoff at these biblical identities of modern Israelite nations, it is instructive to consider the evidence that points in this direction.

Records of History

     The Bible and history record that Assyrians carried the ten tribes of Israel into captivity, into what is today northern Iraq, northwestern Iran and Armenia—the area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. The Black Obelisk from Nineveh in ancient Assyria (now in the British Museum) refers to the Israelites as the Khumri or the people of Omri(the name of the Israelite king who built Samaria—the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel, as noted in 1 Kings 16:21–27). The Babylonians referred to these same people as the Gimiri. Around 500bc, the Persian king Darius carved an inscription of his conquests in three different languages on a rock face at Behistun in northwestern Iran. This inscription refers to the Gimri as the Sacae (who historians also identify with the Scythians who spread over Europe). Archeologist George Rawlinson stated, "We have reasonable grounds for regarding the Gimirri, or Cimmerians… and the Sacae of the Behistun Rock… as identical with the Beth-Khumree of Samaria, or the Ten Tribes of the House of Israel" (The Story of Celto-Saxon Israel, Bennett, p. 151).

     Clear historical and biblical evidence traces the ancient Israelite tribes’ migration through the lands of Armenia as well as northern Iraq and Iran. This agrees with historical records that trace the origins of people now living in Britain. The Declaration of Abroath (the "Scottish Declaration of Independence"), written in 1320ad, states that the Scots’ ancestors came from Greater Scythia (around the Black Sea) through the Mediterranean Sea to Spain and then to Britain "twelve hundred years after the people of Israel crossed the Red Sea" (Bennett, pp. 159–161). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, written around 800ad, traces the origins of the Saxon peoples to the region of Armenia (ibid., p. 209). In his work The Ruin of Britain, the early British writer Gildas (475–550ad) refers to the British people as Israelites. Irish legends call some of the first Irish settlers thetuatha de Danann (The Story of the Irish Race, MacManus, p. 5). Cyrus Gordon, a leading American archeologist, recognized the tuatha de Danann as the biblical tribe of Dan, and connected these Israelite peoples with Ireland and Denmark (Bennett, p. 79). These Danite peoples first arrived in Ireland around the time of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt. It is also interesting that the Welsh refer to themselves as the Cymri or Cymru—after the Assyrian name for the people of Israel. The records of history link the national identities of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Denmark with the Israelites of the Bible.

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The USA & the British Commonwealth In Bible Prophecy

by Peter Salemi

Source: www.british-israel.ca

Introduction

Have you ever wondered where the peoples of the United States and the British Commonwealth are identified in the pages of the Bible? If the Bible claims to be the word of God then how can it ignore the greatest nations that this world has ever seen? The USA, Britain, Australia, Canada, New Zea­land etc...? Well believe it or not these peoples too are identified in the pages of your Bible! And are MENTIONED MORE TIMES than any other nation in the Bible.

This is the most vital key to have in understanding Bible prophecy, because without it you are totally IGNORANT OF BIBLE PROPHECY. One third of the Bible is prophecy, and 90% of it still, has yet to be fulfilled in our time! How do our nations fall into Bible prophecy? All prophecy is centered around the people called the "House of Israel," which means primarily the USA & THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS AND THE PEOPLE OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE. We are the very focal point of all prophecy. When you understand where we are identified, then all of Bible prophecy falls into place.

In this book, we will go through history and prophecy to show you that we are God's Covenant people, and the inheritors of the promise that God gave to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. We will also examine the arguments made by various authors against the so called "British Israelite theory," and answered them one by one, and show you the baselesness of their arguments.

One Man’s Family

In many ways, the Bible could be called the story of "one man's family." In only a few short chapters, one sixth of all the history of the world is covered; from creation until the flood of Noah, a period of approximately one thousand years. Then follows the account of the overspreading of the earth by Noah's children; the attempt at racial amalgamation and the tower of Babel; the dividing of the nations and confusion of their languages - all within but a few chapters. By the twelfth chapter of the first book of the Bible, Genesis, we begin reading of a man named "Abram," who was called of God for a great mission in life. Turn to this vital twelfth chapter, and read it with your own eyes.

 "Now the Eternal had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will show thee:

"And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed" (Genesis 12:1-3).

What a promise!

This was a promise of recognition from God Almighty. It meant Abram would have a great name. Do not millions strive for recognition; for "fame" as well as fortune? Do not millions hope to make a "name for themselves"? Here was a promise of great wealth; of fame, and of a reputation so great that those who appreciated and "blessed" Abram would themselves be the recipient of great blessings!

What follows is an outstanding example of one man's obedience to God. Without argument, Abram did exactly as he was told. He obeyed God!

        Later, in scriptures throughout the Bible, Abraham, as he will become known, is called the "father of the faithful." He is given as an example of unquestioning OBEDIENCE to God! Abraham came to understand that when God speaks, one instantly, without equivocation, doubt, or argument, OBEYS! This was a quality of character that endeared this great man to God—a quality of character almost totally lacking in mankind today!

        "And the Eternal said unto Abram, after that Lot was separated from him, Lift up now thine eyes, and look from the place where thou art, NORTHWARD, AND SOUTHWARD, AND EAST­WARD, AND WESTWARD: For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed forever.

 "And I will make thy seed [your children - your progeny to follow] as the dust of the earth [numbering hundreds of millions]: so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered" (Genesis 13:14-16).

        God is not promising that Abram's children would become but a small, struggling nation in the Middle East! This is not a description of "Israel" of this modern time—a nation surrounded by hostile Arab nations, struggling for survival.

The Jews in modern Israel hardly comprise a nation so large; a people occupying all points of the compass who number "as the dust of the earth."

        Later, God expanded on this marvelous promise to Abram! He promised Abraham's grandson, Jacob (whose name was changed to "Israel"), "And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed!"

        Obviously, this great promise clearly stated that Abraham's children would "spread ABROAD" from the ancient land of Palestine; that they would ultimately be found in all directions; north, east, south, west,from Palestine! They would be numbered in the countless MILLIONS - "as the dust of the earth" in number!

This promise transcended the narrow national boundaries of ancient Palestine! This promise was GLOBAL!

        Fix firmly in your mind, and never forget, that Abraham and his children were promised multi­ple millions of progeny - time and time again! There are those who attempt to deceive and confuse, claiming the promise of the world being blessed by Abraham's seed meant only Christ! As we shall see, there is definite reference to "that ONE SEED," which was Christ; and it is true there is a duality to the promise "in thy seed shall the earth be blessed." But fix firmly in your mind how God made the promise, again and again, of countless seed, as the "dust of the earth" to Abraham and his son and grandson; that they were to overspread the earth in all points of the compass!

Abraham did exactly as God commanded. As a result, God reconfirmed His promise to Abraham many times. He said, "...look now toward heaven, and tell [count] the stars, if you be able to number them: and He said unto him, so shall thy seed be.

 "And he believed in the Eternal; and He counted it to him for righteousness" (Genesis 15:5, 6).

This promise of multiple millions of progeny occurs two chapters prior to the final "covenant" between God and Abraham; prior to the change of name; from "Abram" to "Abraham," which meant, "Father of many nations."

J. H. Allen has written perhaps one of the best-known of the many books attesting to the identity of modern-day Britain and America in Bible prophecy. In his forward of his well-known book, Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright, Allen says, "Although it is not generally known, it is nevertheless true that God made two covenants with Abraham, or, rather, that He made one with Abram and another with that same man after his name was changed to Abraham. This change of name was made that it might harmonize with the new character and the new order of things as they pertain to the covenant man.

        "The first, or Abram, covenant was made when the man was ninety years old; but the second, or Abraham, covenant was not made until this man was called upon to make the one great sacrifice of his life."

We shall see this great test required of Abraham a little later.

        Now, notice this second, or "Abraham" covenant God made: "And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect. And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee ex­ceedingly . . . as for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be [become] a FATHER OF NATIONS!

        "Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.

        "And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations [PLURAL! MORE THAN ONE NATION!] Of thee, and kings [PLURAL! MANY KINGS!] shall come out of thee.

 "And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed [plural! multiple, national seed—like the dust of the earth and the stars of heaven for number!] after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed [millions of them] after thee.

        "And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.

        "And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations" (Genesis 17:1-9).

        Does this leave any doubt whatsoever in your mind about God's promises to Abraham of multiple MILLIONS of progeny? How many grains of dust are there? How many stars can you see? Scientists tell us there are something like two hundred BILLION stars just in the milky way. Though this is obvious metaphor, and not intended to predict a finite number, God is absolutely promising that Abraham's seed would eventually become many nations; that whole dynasties of kings would be among his descendants; that, eventually, MULTIPLE MILLIONS of human beings would have de­scended from Abraham!

Anyone who attempts to interpret these facts as applying only to "that one Seed," which was Christ, is wresting, violently, the sacred Word of God! Notice carefully; let this burn deeply into your mind, and never forget it!

                         "Abraham," the new name for Abram, means "The father of MANY NATIONS."

                         God promised: "...I will make NATIONS of thee..."

                         God promised: "...KINGS [plural! More than one!] shall come out of thee."

 (4) God promised: "I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed [plural!] after thee in THEIR [plural!] generations!"

             God promised: "I will give unto thee and thy seed [plural!] the land..."

             God promised: "I will be THEIR [plural!] God!"

                         (7) God promised - over and over again, that Abraham was to become the progenitor of many nations; that whole dynasties of kings would come from him; that his progeny would eventually be­come "as the dust of the earth" and as "the stars of the heavens" in number.

Yet, as in many cases in the Bible, especially in prophecy, there is oftentimes DUALITY in God's Word. Later, as we shall see, the children of Jacob (whose name was changed to Israel) were given specific, prophetic declarations: Each one of Jacob's twelve sons (thirteen in all, for Ephraim and Manasseh were the two sons of Jacob's favorite son, Joseph) were given a specific national proph­ecy—an outline of the future; showing the national characteristics; the ultimate inheritance of each.

Abraham’s Family Tree

An Unconditional Promise

At first, God told Abraham, "Walk thou before me, and be thou perfect, and I will be a God unto thee." He made the promises to Abraham conditional, based upon Abraham's obedience. But later, as we shall now see, God made those promises absolutely unconditional.

        Read Genesis, the 22nd chapter. This is the account of how God instructed Abraham to do something which seemed utterly unthinkable - impossible! Was this possible? Was it even thinkable? Here God had promised again and again Abraham was to have a son; that, through this son, he would become the progenitor of hundreds of millions; that lines of kings would come from him. Now, it seemed God was changing His mind! God now com­manded him to sacrifice Isaac! To kill the son he loved above all else - loved more than his own life!

What follows is an example of faith and obedience virtually unparalleled in history! Centuries later, Paul was to write, "What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory [boast]; but not before God.

        "For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God and it was counted unto him for right­eousness" (Romans 4:1-3).

 In this chapter is one of the best Bible descriptions of faith coupled with and exemplified by OBEDIENCE! God said, "He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and BEING FULLY PERSUADED THAT, WHAT HE HAD PROM­ISED, HE WAS ABLE ALSO TO PERFORM!" (Romans 4:20, 21). Whatever Abraham's thoughts, the Bible says, "And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son, and claved the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which God had told him."

What an example of faith and obedience! When God originally called Abraham in his own country, the Bible simply says, "So Abraham departed." Simple. God commands. Abraham obeys. At the very last moment, as Abraham would have sacrificed Isaac, God called out! "Abraham! Abraham!" He answered, "Here I am."

 "And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

        "And Abraham lifted up his eye, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took up the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son" (Genesis 22:1-14).

 Here is a shadowy type of God, the Father, being willing to offer His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, for the sins of the world (John 3:16). Abraham did not merely have a "belief," like millions of professing Christians today. He KNEW! There is a difference!

Therefore, God said to him, "By Myself have I sworn, saith the Eternal, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son: That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice!" (Genesis 22:15-18). Now the promise is UNCONDITIONAL!

        Once again, note well that Abraham's seed were to become in-numerable! They were to possess the strategic land and sea "gates" that would ensure their prosperity, protection from their enemies!

Think, for a moment of the dual meaning inherent in the expression, "In thee shall all nations be blessed." As you will come to understand as you read; as you will come to know, if you have studied recent world history, the entire world has been mightily blessed because of the two nations of Great Britain and the United States of America! The statement is so obvious that it needs no magnification.

 But think of the global community of nations; of the colonizing British - of the development of underdeveloped, backward, impoverished nations through trade and commerce. Think of what the world might have been like if there had never been a Britain or a United States! Hundreds of nations have been blessed, materially, as well as spiritually, by those two great nations!

These fabulous promises were reconfirmed to Isaac; and then to Jacob. Later, the birthright promises were passed on to Jacob's sons; his two grandsons, Ephraim and Manasseh, the sons of Joseph, Jacob's favorite son, whom he blessed, as he lay dying. God had to set out to do what he had to do or else the whole Bible is put into question! This is how God proves himself today during OUR TIME! These promises prove that God exists, the Bible is his word and his promises are for real! As God tells Israel today, "...Ye are even My witnesses..." (Isaiah 44:8). Israel, and the promises God made to them are proof today that God is true to his promisees and that the Bible is the word of God.

Joseph’s Birthright

The fabulous promises God promised Abraham, were passed on to Isaac, then to Jacob, see Gen 17:19, 21; 26:3-5; 28:1-4; 35:10-13. Then Jacob-Israel passed those blessings on to his two grandsons Ephraim and Manasseh, the two sons of Joseph. The story of how the birthright was transferred to the two sons of Joseph, is found in Gen 48. "And Israel beheld Joseph's sons, and said, Who are these? "And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them. "And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim's head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh's head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn. " And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day, " The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head. " And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

" And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh" (Gen 48:8-9,14-16, 18-20).

What a Promise!

These two sons of Joseph were to become two GREAT PEOPLES-the elder Manasseh, a single GREAT NATION, and the younger Ephraim, a GREAT GROUP OF NATIONS-a multitude of nations. This is the exact promise God promised to Jacob in Genesis 35:10-11: "And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel.

"And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation [Manasseh] and a company of nations [Ephraim] shall be of thee,[my name be named on them] and kings shall come out of thy loins;" These two tribes would be called Israel.

The prophecy also says that these would grow into a "multitude in the midst of the earth." This was a global promise, as the New Testament says that Abraham was "...promised, that he should be HEIR OF THE WORLD..." (Rom 4:13). So this promise was global and not just in Palestine. Where in the wold does one look to find nations that match this description-brother nations enjoying long lasting relations with each other (even though brothers sometimes fight)-two great peoples-possessing between them two-thirds of the wealth in the world? A great nation and a great company of nations? You may search history; study ethnology, geography, geopolitics, and you will find that the only peoples who suit this biblical description, are the peoples of the USA and the British Commonwealth of Nations!

Let My Name Be Named on Them-Israel

Manasseh-A Great People Ephraim-A Multitude of Nations The USA [Manasseh] & the British Commonwealth [Ephraim] are Israel

Race or Grace?

In 1 Chronicles 5:2 it says: "JUDAH [Father of the Jews] prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler [Jesus Christ, see Micah 5:2]; but the BIRTHRIGHT WAS JOSEPH'S [Ephraim and Manasseh]."

What was the birthright given to Joseph. The promises God gave to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, of national inheritance. Becoming a nation and a company of nations. The promise of great material wealth, world power, possession of lands all over the world, and the possession of the "Gates of their enemies," see Gen 22:17; 26:3-5, 49:22-26.

What is a birthright? "Birthright: native right or privilege" -- Standard Dictionary; "any right ac­quired by birth" -- Webster's. A birthright is something which is one's right, by birth. It has nothing to do with grace, which is unmerited pardon and a free gift which is not one's right. It has to do with race, not grace. Birthright possessions are customarily passed down from father to eldest son. So according to your Bible, the birthright promises were not passed on to the Jews [Judah], but to Ephraim and Manasseh, the TWO TRIBES OF JOSEPH!

Now what about Grace?

Grace comes from the tribe of Judah THROUGH CHRIST!

"The scepter shall not depart from Judah" (Gen 49:10). A whole series of dynasties of Kings, and the promise of Jesus Christ is through this line of JUDAH, "...until Shiloh [Messiah] come...(Gen 49:10). Jesus came from Judah, see Revelation 5:5; Hebrews 7:14.

GRACE COMES FROM JUDAH, and more specifically the house of David, see Zechariah 12:10­

14. And of course Jesus came from the line of David, see Matthew 1:1-16; Luke 3:23-38.

Grace comes from JESUS CHRIST OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH, see Luke 2:40; John 1:14-17; Acts 15:11; Romans 3:24; 2 Corinthians 8:9; Ephesians 2:7-8. So the promise of the one seed FOR GRACE is through JUDAH, through JESUS CHRIST, see also Galatians 3:8-9, 14-16, 29.

Now the context of Galatians 3 is about the FAITH OF ABRAHAM not the Birthright, and it says: "That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

"Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises [plural, but Paul is speaking of a specific one] made. He saith not, And to seeds, [through many people comes Grace] as of many; but as of one, [only one man comes Grace] And to thy seed, which is Christ" (Gal 3:14, 16). Faith and grace go together. You can't have one without the other.

"By Grace are ye saved through faith..." (Ephesians 2:8). And the promise of Grace was given to the Jews! "Salvation" Jesus said, "is of the JEWS!" (John 4:22). "The Gospel of Christ" Paul wrote," is the power of God unto salvation to everyone that believes [Faith]; to the JEW FIRST, and also to the Greek" (Romans 1:16).

So we conclude, that the promises of Grace come through JUDAH, but the birthright is EPHRAIM'S AND MANASSEH'S BY RACE! Material blessings through the RIGHT OF BIRTH. Spiritual blessings of salvation through Jesus Christ, THAT'S GRACE!

The Sceptre Promise

One promise most people ignore is the prophecy about the kingly line of Abraham. God said, "and kings shall come out of thee" (Gen 17:6). This promise was passed on to Judah. "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet..."(Gen 49:10). This kingly line was to continue "til Shiloh [Messiah] Comes." So a whole Dynasty of kings was to prevail on this earth until the second coming of Christ, NOT his first coming, why? In the beginning of chapter 49, in verse one we read that these things were for the "last days." And in verse 10 we read that this line was to continue until the "gathering [margin "obedience"] of the people be."Is the whole world obeying Christ today? No way! But he will rule at his second coming see Rev 19:16; 20:4. So there are kings of the tribe of Judah today, RIGHT NOW! The first king of Israel came in 1000 B.C., from Saul, then to David. But wait, the sceptre was not to depart from Judah. There had to be a king from Jacob's generation when he made this prophecy. Well, the whole reason for the "SCARLET CORD," that was given to Zarah was for a symbol of ROYALTY. The Judah-Zarah line was the line of kings that Jacob was reffering to when he prophesied about the sceptre not departing from Judah! These line of kings have lasted from Jacob's time down to our time today!

Where are those Kings?

In Genesis 38:27-30 we read of two royal lines that were about to be born of the line of Judah him­self. These two lines were Pharez and Zarah.

"And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.

"And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.

" And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.

" And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah." Now these kings had to exist when Jacob gave this prophecy. Where were these kings in the time of Jacob's prophecy?

Divine Right of Kings

The Royal Houses in Europe intermar­ried extensively. The term "divine right of kings" stemmed from the former awareness of Jacob's and Nathan's prophecy about Judah and David whose descendants were literally given a "di­vine right" to rule by God. The Encyclopedia Britannica states concerning the Divine Right of Kings: "The principle that the kingship is DE­SCENDIBLE IN ONE SACRED FAMILY...is not only still that of the British Constitu­tion as that of ALL MONARCHIAL STATES...not only that 'legitimate mon­archs derive their authority from...God alone, BUT THAT THIS AUTHORITY IS BY DIVINE ORDINANCE HEREDITARY IN A CERTAIN ORDER OF SUCESSION" (Under "King" subhead 'Divine Right of Kings," p.394)

In Genesis 46:12, the sons of Zarah are not mentioned in the genealogy of Zarah-Judah. Pharez and his sons are mentioned however. Why aren't they mentioned? For the simple reason that these Israel­ites of Zarah-Judah did not go into the land of Egypt with their family, but left soon after arriving there. Israel went to Goshen and Zarah-Judah and some of the tribe of Dan went to GREECE!

In Raymond Capt's book, Missing Links in Assyrian Tablets, he writes about the original Greeks and their Egyptian origin. These Greeks were Semitic in origin, and as another author writes: "The 'pure' Greek is [according to Polemo]...of a fair face with light complexion mixed with red...the eyes bright, piercing and full of light; for all nations, the Greek has the fairest of eyes" (Your Inheritance, pp.40-41, emphasis theirs). Obviously these people were not Egyptian. Egyptians were descendants of Ham. Hamites are of a darker complexion. So its obvious that these people came from Egypt, but RACIALLY were not Egyptians. But it does suit the Israelitish descent. Israel is descended from Shem, and we will go through racial features later in this book.

Capt writes: "There are numerous references by classical writers to the 'EGYPTIAN' origin of the Greeks" (p.61). He goes on to say that, "...those who set forth with DANus, likwise from Egypt, settled what is practically the oldest city in Greece, Argos, and that the nation of the COLCHI in Pontus...were founded as colonies by certain emigrants from their country...among these people too, CIRCUMCISE their male children [Gen 17:10-11], the CUSTOM HAVING BEEN BROUGHT OVER FROM EGYPT" (ibid, p.62). Notice the name Colchi, [CALCOL] which is the name of one of the sons of Zarah. They came with Danus [Darda], the other son of Zarah, and the tribe of Dan, as Homer says about the same people, "He calls the whole of Greece, Argos, for he calls all Argives, as he calls them DANAI...(viii 6, 5). Dr William Smith in his book, The History of Greece says, "Of all the heroic families of Greece, no one was more heroic than that of DANANS OF ARGOS" (p.18).

Herodotus states, "If we descend from DANAI...We shall find that the ancestors of the DORIAN PRINCES were of EGYPTIAN ORIGIN. Such is the Grecian account of their descent" (book vi, 1v). So we see that the rulers and the people of Greece came from a Semitic people in Egypt. And according to the names of these people, they are Israelites, and the kings of these Israel­ites are the sons of Zarah. This also confirms the book of Ezekiel. He notes that the tribe of Dan dwelt in "Java" which was called Greece, see Halley's Bible Handbook, p.82. They were trading with Tyre from Greece, see Ezekiel 27:19.

"The founder of Athens? The Hamesworth Encyclopedia explains that "Crecrops [Calcol] was the 'mythical' founder of Athens, and its first KING. He was thought to be the leader of a band of colo­nists from EGYPT. Historical records show the western migration of Calcol [Crecrops] along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, establishing the IBERIAN [Hebrew] trading settlements. One settlement is called 'SARAGROSSA' in the EBRO [Hebrew] valley of Spain. It was originally called 'ZARA-GASSA' meaning the STRONGHOLD OF ZARAH" (Quote from Missing links, p.65).

There are many sources that show the migration of the Hebrews to Greece, and the kings of those people were of the sons of Zarah. In his book Royal House of Britain, W.M.H. Milner erases all doubts: "In a little book called the History of Caledonia, published in 1879 by John Mclaren of Dunning, we are told how 'after the death of Pharaoh who loved Joseph,' some of the Hebrews escaped from their thralldom, wandered away through Asia Minor [North Greece], and commenced to build the city of Troy. It has long been known that the Grecian Danai were Hebrew...' That the eminence of the Greeks in philosophy and the arts was due to the infusion amongst them-as conquerers and teachers... of Israelites...which reappeared West and North [SPAIN] with the same results...The Trojan heros, as well as the Grecian conquerers, and Homer, who sung their fame, were of Israelitish blood...From Jupiter to DARDANUS or Darius we have shown (p.35 supra). Trojan heros to be descended-that is (as we as the same proved), through the scriptural DARDA OR DARA FROM THE HEBREW PATRIARCH JUDAH.

"The tale of Troy brings Judah into touch with EVERY PERIOD OF OUR ROYAL HISTORY..." (p.42). In this same book he gives the Geneaology of all the Milesian, Grecian Trojan and Scandinavian kings, and shows how they all descend from the patriarch Judah-Zarah!

Who Were the Milesians?

The Milesians were a group of people who: "In old manuscripts of Ireland, the Milesians and the Danaans were of the same race. They came in batches from Greece and Phoenicia" (Dan, The Pio­neer of Israel, J.C. Gawler, p.30). The Milesians were Danites as one author writes: "...the original Greeks of antiquity...were Israelites, mostly of the tribe of Dan. The Archeans, Argosians, Athenians...Milesians, Mycenians...and Spartans" (Your Inheritance, p.36). Notice in the list that the Milesians are included!

These Milesians '...were among the first inhabitants of IRELAND, and the progenitor of its DY­NASTY OF KINGS" (Brian Williams, Britain's Royal Throne, p.65). These Milesians that went up to Ireland were the ones who "...founded the cities of Troy and Athens, and became the pioneers of the Milesian civilization" (ibid, p.65). According to history, the Milesians from Greece went to Ireland in 1000 B.C. But before these Milesian Israelites went to Greece, they actually originated in the land of Egypt.

The Dynasty of kings of the Milesians can be traced back to Zarah, the son of Judah of the scarlet thread! These people went into Egypt with Jacob in Joseph's time, and then headed towards Greece to start the Milesian civilization!

According to History, the Milesians from Greece went to Ireland in 1000 B.C. There were three waves of immigrants to Ireland. The third and latest group was from Phoenicia, the second group was the Milesians from Greece, and the first group to arrive in Ireland were the people called the TUATHA DE DANAANS IN 1200 B.C.

When the Milesians were in Greece Gawler writes that , "[they] were the same race as the Dannans...the people conversed in the same language..." (Dan The pioneer of Israel, p.31). Now the Milesians were the Israelites of the tribe of Dan and Judah that left Egypt with their leader Calcol, the son of Zarah was we have proved. But where did the Tuatha de Dannan come from?

Dan, The Pioneer of Israel

When the 12 tribes of Israel actually took possession of the promised land, the tribe of Dan was allotted its tribal inheritance in the southwestern area of that land.. Dan was situated west-Northwest of Judah; Dan's territory extended westward to the Mediterranean Sea, and included the busy port of Joppa, next to modern Tel-Aviv (Joshua 19:40-48).

Now the Danites migrated Northwards to Laish, and called the city Dan, after their father, see Judges

18. The northern city Laish, now called Dan, by the tribe of Dan, was about thirty miles inland from the ancient busy port of Tyre. Thus the ancient Danites must of had frequent contacts with the people of Tyre, which was in fact occupied by their brethren the tribe of Asher, see Joshua 19:29. So since their Israelite brothers occupied the land of Tyre, they had access to Tyre at anytime. These people of Tyre were a people of sea trade and navigation, see Ezekiel 27. These people built Tyre and Sidon on the Lebanese coast.

In the 1200's B.C., before Dan went to Laish, in a song commemorating a great Israelite victory, the Judge Deborah lamented that during the battle, the "men of Gilead stayed beyond the Jordan [River], and [asked] why DAN REMAINED IN SHIPS?" (Judges 5:17). The Danites were so preoccupied with the Sea and sea trade that they chose to remain in their ships than help their brethren. So even before the time they went to Laish, the Danites were already engaged in sea-faring activities.

J.C. Gawler quotes from the Chronicles of Ireland and says: "Again (p.123), 'The Danites ruled about two centuries until the arrival of the Milesians, which took place, 1000 years before the Chris­tian era.' Thus the date of the arrival of the FIRST COLONY OF DANAANS WOULD BE 1200 B.C., or 85 years after Deborah and Baraks victory, when we are told Dan had ships...The early connection with Greece, Phoenicia and Egypt is constantly alluded throughout the Chronicles [of Ireland] and records of the Irish Dannans" (Dan Pioneer of Israel, pp.30-31). After the first batch of Dannans left for Ireland, the remaining Danites migrated North 30 miles away from Tyre. These Danites that migrated North to Laish are the 3RD BATCH OF DANAANS THAT WENT TO IRELAND. These Danites worshipped Idol gods at that time, and brought them to Ire­land, and Gawler points out, "The Psalter at Cashel says that the Tower of Tara [In Ireland] was built for the preservation of the fire of Baal, and was called Bel Theine...and that the mark of Phoenicia and Israel [was] Baal worship" (ibid., p.31).

What route did the first batch of Danaans take? Irish Historian Thomas Moore says that one of the earliest resident peoples of Ireland-the Firbolgs-were dispossessed by the Tuatha de Danaans, "who after sojourning for some time in Greece...proceeded thence to Denmark and Norway" (History of Ireland, vol.1, p.59) Then the Danaans proceeded to Ireland. So we see a time span of about 85 years, after Deborah, the judge of Israel uttered those words about Dan in ships!

The word "Tuatha" simply means "tribe"-"Tuatha...Irish history...A 'Tribe' or 'people' in Ireland"' (New English Dictionary on Historical principles, vol.10, pt 1, p.441). The word Dan means Judge in the Hebrew. "Dan [Heb "Judge"] shall Judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel" (Gen 49:16). "It is certainly no coincidence that the Irish Gaelic word Dun or Dunn means Judge..."' (America and Britain in Prophecy, Raymond McNair, p.25, emphasis theirs).

Another Irish Historian Geoffrey Keating mentions the SECOND BATCH of Danites IN Palestine of Judges 18, who were the THIRD BATCH OF DANAANS that went to Ireland AFTER THE MILESIANS, and he says: "...the Danaans were a people of great learning and wealth; they left Greece after a battle with the ASSYRIANS and went to Ireland; and also to Denmark, and called it 'DAN-mares,' Dans' country" (History of Ireland, vol.1, pp.195, 199). When the Assyrians attacked in the 8th century, the Danites of the promised land, left and joined their brothers in Ireland, who already settled there in different waves of immigration. They left to get away from the battle with Assyria.

The Encyclopedia Britannica tells us that the ancestor of the Danaans was "According to late Danish tradition...Juteland [mainland Denmark] was acquired by DAN, THE ANCESTOR OF THE DANES FROM WHERE THEIR NAME DERIVES (under article 'Denmark,' vol.8, 11th edition). Like the Danites of old, they named Denmark after their father Dan.

Testimony of Josephus, the Jewish Historian

Jewish Historian Josephus shows that the Lacedemonian (Spartans of Greece) were actually Danites, and therefore closely related to the Jews. Josephus relates an incredible letter from Sparta to Judah:

"Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish nation . . . to the ephori and senate and the people of the Lacedemonians, send greeting:

"When in former times an epistle was brought to Onias, who was then our high priest . . . we have discovered that both the Jews and the Lacedemonians are of ONE STOCK, and are derived from the KINDRED OF ABRAHAM...concerning the KINDRED THAT WAS BETWEEN US AND YOU, a copy of which is here subjoined, we both joyfully received the epistle . . . because we were well satisfied about it from the SACRED WRITINGS, yet did not we think fit, first to begin the claim of this RELATION TO YOU, the glory which is now given us by you. It is a long time since this rela­tion of ours to you hath been renewed, and when we, upon holy and festival days offer sacrifices to God, we pray to Him for your preservation and victory . . . . You will, therefore, do well yourselves to write to us, and send us an account of what you stand in need of from us, since we are in all things disposed to act according to your desires...This letter is foursquare: and the seal is an eagle, with a dragon [snake or serpent] in its claws" (Antiquities of the Jews, bk 12 chapter 4 sec 10; XIII, 5, 8).

The Lacedemonians received the Jewish ambassadors carrying the letter kindly and made a decree of friendship and mutual assistance with the Jews, and then sent the letter to their Lacedemonian kins­men.

In Ancient Mythology, Bryant relates that Stephanus Byzantium shows that Alexander Polyhistor and Claudius Jolaus also speak of a direct relationship or kindship between the Spartan Greeks and the people of Judaea (vol.5, p.51-52, 60).

Dan -- A Serpent's Trail

Jacob prophesied that Dan would be a "Serpent by the way, an adder by the path," meaning that he would leave a trail wherever he would go. In the Bible we have seen evidence of this; naming every­thing after their father "Dan," see Joshua 19:47; Judges 18:12, 27-29. When the Danites migrated to Ireland, they left a trail of names throughout Europe. The city of Troy was located at the mouth of the Bosporus DarDANelles. From their they migrated into Europe and left names all over and into DANmark and Norway.

In Hebrew there are no vowels, so the name Dan is written DN, or its Hebrew equivalent. Thus words like Dan, Din, Don, Dun, Den, or Dn, correspond to the name of Dan. Just west of the Black Sea, ancient geographers designated a region by the name of Moesia, which means the land of the "Moses-ites." These people revered a person whom they called Zal-moxis. "Zal" significes "chief," so this person, "chief Moxis" or "leader Moxis" was actually "chier MO­SES," the man of God who led Israel to the promised land, and whom these people remembered as their original leader. The tribe of Dan also passed through this region, and the surrounding territory, leaving its name in Mace-DON-ia, and the Dar-DAN-elles, and to the north by the river DAN-ube. In the territory of Sarmatia (or Samaria, meaning the Israelites), were located the rivers DN-iper, DN-ister, and the DON.

Professor Totten declares:

"There is no grander theme upon the scrolls of history than the story of this struggle of the Anglo-Saxons westward. The very streams of Europe mark their resting places, and in the root of nearly all their ancient names (Dan, or Don) recall the sacred stream Jor-dan river of rest-- from whose whose hands, so far away, as exiles, they set out. It was either the little colony of Dan, obeying its tribal proclivity for naming everything it captured (Jud.18:1-29) after their father, or else the mere survival of a word and custom; but, none the less, it serves to TRACE these wanderers LIKE A TRAIL. Hence the Dan-ube, the Dan-ieper, the Dan-iester, the Dan-au, the Daci and Davi, the Dan, the Don, the U-Don, the Eri-don, and the THOUSAND OTHER dans and dons of ancient and early geogra­phy, down to the Danes in Dan-emerke, or 'Dan's last resting place'" (quoted in Allen, Judah's Scep­tre and Joseph's Birthright, p.263-64).

Denmark, the name of the modern country in Europe north of Germany, means, literally, "Dan's mark." It's people are called "Danes." In fact, because at one time Denmark ruled all the surrounding region, the whole region took its name from them the ScanDINavian peninsula! Clearly, here are remnants of the people of DAN, who migrated westward overland from the Caucasus to their present location in northern Europe!

However, other Danites, who dwelt or abode in ships, and who associated themselves with the sea peoples of Tyre and Sidon, fled westward through the Mediterranean when northern Israel fell. Early Danites fled Egypt migrated through SarDINia, and left their trail along the sea-coasts of the Medi­terranean. Thus Dan, who was a "lion's whelp" who would "leap from Bashan," leaped all the way to Ireland, where historians explain that the early settlers were known as the "Tuatha de Danaan" -­literally, the "tribe of Dan." The Greeks called them the Danoi, the Romans called them Danaus. In Ireland, today, we find their customary evidence -- their place names -- in abundance. Such names as Dans-Lough, Dan-Sower, Dan-Monism, Dun-dalke, Dun-drum, Don-egal Bay, Don-egal City,

Dun-glow and Lon-don-derry, as well as Din-gle, Dun-garven and Duns-more, which means "MORE DANS." Of course, the most famous Irish ballad of all time is the song, "Danny Boy." It should be plain that the country of Ireland is replete, filled with names which derive from the ancient patriarch of the Hebrews -- DAN, the son of Jacob! It should be plain that the ancient Danites settled in Ireland, and most of them dwell in that land, today.

The Seal

The Seal Josephus mentions is revealing because the tribal emblem or ensign, see Numbers 2:2 of the people of Dan included the image of a "snake," see article "Flag," The Jewish Encyclopedia, p.405. This symbolism is derived from what Jacob had foretold: "Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder [viper] by the path..." (Gen 49:17). Thus the emblem traditionally associated with Dan is an "adder biting horses heels" (Thomas Fuller, Pisgah Sight of Palestine). However Aben Ezra, a learned Jewish scholar of the 1600's said that the emblem of Dan was an "eagle with a dragon in its claws''' (America and Britain in Prophecy, McNair, p.23).

Who Were the Phoenicians?

They were one of the greatest world empires of the ancient world. Originally Phoenicia consisted of only Tyre and Sidon.

The Phoenicians were Semitic by race, see Rawlinson's Phoenicia, pp.23, 327-328. Their language was also Semitic: "Language specialists have long known that Phoenicia and Israel possessed closely related Semitic languages. They are both classified as being 'Canaanite' branch of the 'North-West Semitic' family of languages...the Phoenician...[is] identical with the Pure Hebrew" (The Lost Ten Tribes Found Stephen Collins, pp.6-7). In the Bible however, it tells us that these people were of Japheth and Ham: "The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras [Tyre]...And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth," (Gen 10:2, 15). How can this be? History shows that these people were virtually identical in lan­guage, race and culture with the Hebrews who were of the family of Shem, see Genesis 10:25; 11:17-32? How can these people be Japthetic and Hamitic?

The answer can also be found in the pages of the Bible. Remember the advancing Hebrews came to DISPOSSESS the people of Canaan. The tribe of Asher was to dispossess the original people who settled in Tyre and Sidon. In the book of Joshua we read: "And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families.

" And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, " And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihorlibnath;

" And turneth toward the sunrising to Bethdagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of

Jiphthahel toward the north side of Bethemek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the left hand, " And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon; " And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib: " Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages. " This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages" (Joshau 19:24-31).

Dr Gordon is widely considered the leading American archaeologist and antiquarian of the twentieth century. He points out Biblical evidence that “three of the [Israel] tribes are described as naviga­tional.. Zebulon, Dan and Asher (Gen. 49:13; Judg. 5: 17)” (Homer & Bible., page 112).  So the navigational skills that the Phoenicians had in Tyre were actually of the northern tribes of Asher, Zebulon, and of course Dan as we have see in an earlier chapter. These Semitic people that secular history is writing about are the Israelites! The Phoenicians are actually the Israelites as we will prove in this section of the booklet.

Now the Phoenician empire was at its zenith at the same time that David and especially Solomon reigned in Israel. But why is it that secular historians view the Phoenicians as a different people than the Israelites?

The Phoenicians never called themselves Phoenicians. That was a named given to them by the post-Danite Greeks. Collins explains: "The term 'Phoenicia' is derived from the Greek word which Greek historians used to describe many people living on the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.. George Rawlinson wrote: 'At first, the term [Phoenicia] was used [by the Greeks] with a good deal of vagueness, of the Syrian coast generally between Asia Minor and Egypt.' The Encyclopedia Judaica states that 'the Greek name Phoinike is first mentioned by Homer,' and it adds: 'though the exact intent of the region called Phoenicia cannot be determined, the name is clearly the Greek equivalent of Canaan''' (p.55). The Greeks called the Land of Israel, Phoenicia, including Tyre and Sidon in Lebanon!

The Encyclopedia Americana comes up with the same conclusion: "The name 'Phoenicians' was given by the Greeks to the inhabitants of the coastal region of present-day Lebanon and the Adja­cent shores of Israel and Syria in the first Millenium B.C. [time of David and Solomon] No evi­dence exists that they called themselves by any such name" (vol.21 "Phoenicians," p.947). This also explains why the term Phoenicia is to be found nowhere in the Bible. You see the Bible is based on the Hebrew perspective, modern history is based on the Greek perspective. It is no wonder that Hiram and David and Solomon, got along so well. They were brethren and kindred, all were Israelites.

Phoenician Colonies-The fleet of Solomon and the fleet of Hiram of Tyre sailed together throught the Mediterranean: "And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon" (1 Kings 9:27). As we have seen earlier the tribe of Asher had the knowledge of the sea, and they are the ones that occupied Tyre and Sidon. Again, Dr Gordon  points out Biblical evidence that “three of the [Israel]tribes are described as navigational.. Zebulon, Dan

and Asher (Gen. 49:13; Judg. 5: 17),” (Homer & Bible., page 112). And Holman's Bible Handbook writes that: "Solomon's fleet were similar in construction [to the Phoenicians]" (p.252).

The Phoenician-Israelites planted colonies all over the Mediterranean. They all have Semitic Phoenician names to them. Here is a list of some of them. EUROPE: Greek Europa, received its name from the Phoenician, Urappa, signifying 'a country of white complexions.' ASIA: or 'Asi' in the Phoenician language signifieth the country between or in the middle.' Evi­dently, Asia Minor (modern Turkey) was considered the land between Europe and the Mid-East. AFRICA:'signifies a land of corn or ears in the Phoenician dialect.' SPAIN: or Spania, from 'Spania, country of rabbits.' ITALY: or Italia, was called by the Phoenicians, 'Itaria, from the exceeding quantities of pitch it yielded. The letters R and L being easily convertible in the Eastern tongue.' LUSITANIA: a region bordering the Atlantic; modern Portugal. 'Luz in the Phoenician tongue, signifies an almond; tania is a Greek addition.'BRITAIN: or Britannia, from the Phoenician,'Baratanac, a country of tin. Metals such as tin and lead were mined and exported from the west coasts of Cornwall and the Scilly islands.' ALBION: from 'Alpin, in the Phoenician tongue, a high mountain, from the high rocks on the western coasts where the Phoenicians first landed.' CALEDONIA: ancient name of Scotland, named for 'its rocky and mountainous nature,' from 'Galedtun in the Phoenician tongue ... a hard, (rocky) hill.' BALEARES: two islands in the Mediterranean on the coast of Spain, from 'Bal jaro, a master at slinging in the Phoenician. These islands were ever famous, as is notoriously known, for excellent slingers, upon which account they had their name from the Phoenicians.' CORSICA: a Mediterranean island, received its name from the Phoenicians from its woodiness. 'Corsis signifies a woody place.' SARDINIA: a Mediterranean island 'received its name from the resemblance it had to the foot of a man. Sarad and Sarda, in the Phoenician tongue, signifies the footstep of a man.' MALTA: anciently known as 'Melita, in the Phoenician tongue, signifies a Place of Refuge, or Sanctuary,' because it was 'lying exactly in the middle between Tyre and the Straits [of Spain], whither the Phoenicians trafficked' RHODES: (Greek, Rhodus), an island in the Mediterranean, 'took its name from the multitude of serpents it produced, upon which very account it was called Ophiusa, by the Greeks, or, an island of Serpents. Rod, in the Phoenician tongue, is a serpent.' CYPRUS: anciently (hard 'C') Cerastis, 'So called from the many promontories, as Stephanus wit­nesseth. Keren, in the Phoenician, is a horn, or Promontory.' SICILY: (Italian Sicilia) 'had its name from the abundance and excellency of its grapes, from which it supplied Africa in former times, as witnesseth Diodorus . .. Segulaia is a country of Grapes in the Phoenician tongue.' SYRACUSE: the metropolis of Sicily, 'It is agreed, took its name from a stinking and unwholesome marsh upon which it stood, called Syraco [which], in the Phoenician tongue signifies an Evil Sa­vour.' AETNA: 'a burning mountain in Sicily, without question took its name from the continual fire and smoke, which in all ages, and to this day breaketh from it. Attuna, in the Phoenician tongue, signifies a furnace or chimney. Aeluna signifies a smoky fog, in the same dialect.' TANGIER: formerly Tingis, 'was a great Mart of the Phoenicians, who had a colony in it, according to Pompus Mela. Tigger, a mart, from Tagger, to trade, in the Phoenician, and Taggar, a trader.

Solomon The Wise King

In the Bible we read that "God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore" (1Kings 4:29). Is there any proof of this in history? We can find it in the history of the Phoenicians.

During the reign of Solomon, the Phoenician-Israelite empire made a huge impact on civilization, much like the British and the Americans have on our modern world. On example of this was lan­guage. The invention of the alphabet by the Phoenicians is used in most of the languages in the modern world today, especially in the west. Consider the following observation by Rawlinson: "...the enterprise of the Phoenicians in the early ages...carried with them everywhere civilizing influences. Letters, if not their actual invention, received at their hands modifications and improvements...and are traceable in the alphabets of all civilized nations of the present day. They carried with them over the Mediterranean, wherever they went, their idea of alphabet writing and their peculiar alphabet forms. In Cyprus and in Lycia they were met by conflicting system; but these gave way to theirs. Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, accepted their analysis of human speech, and the signs by which they expressed its final elements. An enormous advance must everywhere had followed the introduction of writing and this advance was due to the Phoenicians" (Phoenicia, pp.87-88).

But when and where did this alphabet originate? The Britannica sheds some light: "The history of our own alphabet, which has survived...surprisingly [with] little change for nearly 3000 years...Two questions have hitherto remained unanswered. How did the Greeks obtain it from the Semites? And what was its pre-Semite history?...The most important fact ignored by any theory that would derive the Greek and Phoenician alphabets independently...the names of the letters, as far as they have a known etymology or meaning are SEMITIC. Hebrew aleph, Beth, Gimel, Daleth, etc...correspond unmistakably with the Greek 'alpha, beta gamma delta'''(vol.1, "Alphabet," pp.679-681). The alphabet originated "3000 years ago: or 1000 B.C., the time of Solomon!

Now it also "originated in a single region and to have spread from there...the alphabet is usually regarded as a Phoenician invention" (Collier's Encyclopedia, vol.1 "Alphabet," p.408). As we have seen the homeland for Phoenicia was the land of Israel and Lebanon. Even Solomon had his royal estates in Lebanon, 1 Kings 7:1-2. The time frame was also at the time of Solomon. Now who was the most inventive person of that era? Solomon! He asked God for wisdom and God gave it to him. We should thank God for the alphabet that he gave us through the wisdom of Solomon.

Not only did Solomon invent the alphabet. He also invented the battering ram: "...some authorities give credit to the Phoenicians for developing the ram, which apparently was invented around 1000 B.C., just about the time the eastern ports [of the Mediterranean] were emerging as trade powers in their own right and building up their war fleets" (Martland A. Edey, The Sea Traders, p.46).

"Solomon's unprecedented wisdom resulted in ...new advances in pottery, the Bessemer blast furnace method of smelting ores" (Collins LTTF, p.61). Archaeologists found remains of the smelting facili­ties at Ezion-Geber in southern Israel, termed: "...the biggest smelting installations in the ancient East...(Von Daniken, Chariots of the Gods, pp.61-62). Concerning the excavation of some of these facilities in ancient Israel, Werner Keller, in his book The Bible As History states the following: "...remains of an extensive settlement were excavated...it was a blast furnace...a skillful system of air passages was included in the construction. The whole thing was a proper up to date blast furnace, built in accordance with a principle that celebrated it resurrection in modern industry a century ago as the Bessemer system...Nowhere else in the fertile crescent, neither Babylonia or Egypt, was such a great furnace to be found...Ezion-Geber was the Pittsburgh of old Palestine" (pp.199-302, empha­sis added). Truly God made Solomon the wisest man in the world. Only he had the wisdom to invent such things.

Since the Phoenician empire did not call themselves Phoenicians, what did they call themselves?

The Phoenician alphabetic script is similar to early Hebrew and Aramaic scripts of the first millennium B.C. Phoenician words are found in Greek and Latin classical literature as well as in Egyptian, Akkadian, and Hebrew writings. The language is written with a 22-character alphabet that does not indicate vowels Note: Notice the timeline of the Phoenician language. It started to emerge at the time of the Exodus and the time of the conquest of Canaan by the Hebrews.

The Covenant People

The Israelites were well aware that they were the "people of the Covenant," especially Ephraim and Manasseh.

"...the importance of the word 'covenant' as a part of the heritage of Israel...was the central theme of their entire heritage. The Hebrew word for 'covenant' is 'Berith.' With the vowels being absent in the ancient Hebrew/Phoenician, this word would be represented by the consonants B-R-T or -B-R-TH" (Collins, Lost Tribes...Found, p.88).

A Book called Phoenician Origins of the Britons, Scots and Anglo-Saxons, by L.A. Waddell, docu­ments the prominent usage of the word "B-R-T" in the nations and early colonies of the Phoenicians.The original inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon had nothing in their heritage to place the word "covenant" on themselves. But the tribes of Israel, had all the reason in the world to attach this name on themselves, that they were the covenant people, and their use of the word B-R-T pro­claimed their identity to the world. This is another reason why, the people who dwelt in Tyre and Sidon known as the Phoenicians were actually Israelites, and not the original inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon, who were dispossessed by the Tribe of Asher. "The Israelites called themselves the 'covenant People''' (ibid., p.90).

Solomon's Empire had ports all over the Mediterranean. It was the largest commercial empire of the ancient world.

The B-R-T root word was found on Phoenician coins, further indicating that they identified them­selves as the 'covenant people,' see Waddell, pp.54-56. The Phoenicians colony of Carthage also printed the word B-R-T on their coins, see Waddell, p.9

The consonants of the word "Phoenician" are P(h)-N-C. These consonants were preserved by the Romans when they called the Carthaginians the Punic Empire (according to secular History, Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th century B.C..). In doing so, the Romans simply preserved the Greek designation for the Phoenicians (the founders of Carthage).

"The Romans were not the only nation that retained 'P-N-C' name for the ancient Israelite Empire. The ancient records of Vedic India also records the existence of an international empire with those consonants in their title. The ancient writings of Vedic India include the following statement. 'The able Panch setting out to invade the earth, brought the whole world under its sway.'

"Also, a Rig Veda Hymn includes this statement: 'The Panch leaders of the earth.'

"The consonants for these 'Panch' world leaders in the Vedic records are P-N-C(H)...this 'Panch' empire is also linked with the B-R-T Hebrew root word for 'Covenant.' The first quote about the 'Panch' is from the 'Maha-Barata Indian Epic of the Great Barats,' and the second quote is from the Rig Veda Hymn saying"

'The Brihat singers belaud Indra hath rasied the sun on high heaven...Indra leads with one single sway-The Panch leaders of the earth'''(ibid., p.p.93). It is clear that the ancient Indian histories refer to the Israelites by the same root word by which they were known in the west. Ancient India preserved both those root words in the terms "Panch", and the "Barats" (or Brihats). Both words have the P-N-CH, and B-R-T. Further linking these root words together is a phrase in an ancient Indian Epic (The Vishnu Parana) which states: "The principle nation of the Barats are the Kurus and the able Panch" (ibid, p.94).

The Phoenician/Israelite Empire was called according to Waddell's figure in his book, the "BRITANNIC OR BRITANNIA EMPIRE! Sound familiar?

Above Figure shows a Phoenician Carthaginian coin, and on it is the word "Barat," B-R-T meaning "Covenant."

Phoenician Coins C’ont

‘The word ... TAH, which appears on some of the Etruscan coins ... is the first person present of the auxiliary verb

TA, ‘I AM.’ lt is remarkable that this name God gave to himself from the burning bush, I AM THAT I AM; and

again -’Thus shall thou say unto the children of Israel I AM has sent me unto you.’-’This is my name forever.’ (Ex.

3:14-15) (ibid., vol. 2, page 33)

Therefore, as Sir William points out, these coins represent worship of Yahweh, the Biblical ‘I AM’, the God of

Israel; as such, the early colonists who founded the Etruscan civilization in Italy could only have been Israelites!

Note particularly the virtual identity of the ancient Hebrew, British Celtic, and early Etruscan worship of the True

God. It is no accident that the Celtic ‘TA’, Etruscan ‘TAH’, and the similar Hebrew, ‘YAH’, all have identical

meanings: the ‘Self-Existent’, or ‘Ever-Living’, and the ‘I AM’, showing their obvious connection.

Israel and Judah

After the death of Solomon, the kingdom was given over to his son Rehoboam. But the ten tribes to the north followed Jeroboam, because of the heavy tax burden the king was going to inflict on them. In 1 Kings 12, we see that the King, "...hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents...So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day...And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed [voluntarily] the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only" ( verses 16, 19-20). In verse 17, we read that Rehoboam "reigned" over the Israelites in some cities in Judah. These people were of the tribe of Benjamin. Jerusalem itself was in the territory of Benjamin, see Joshua 18:16, 28. The tribe of Benjamin was given to Judah for a special purpose.

So the Kingdom was divided; Jeroboam set up a government in the north, as the KING OF IS­RAEL., and Rehoboam in the South in Jerusalem as the KING OF JUDAH.

Now there was a prophet named Ahijah who announced a prophecy about the splitting of the King­dom, and what tribes would join the north, and which would join the south. But to understand this prophecy, we must realize one thing. There were actually 13 TRIBES IN ISRAEL. If you count the two half tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, this makes Thirteen Tribes! Back when Jacob was about to die, he made the two sons of Joseph, the holders of the birthright, and he adopted them as HIS OWN SONS, instead of looking upon them as his grandsons, and he made these two tribes equal to the other tribes. Jacob said that these "...are MINE, AS Rueben and Simeon..." (Gen 48:5). This makes THIRTEEN TRIBES!

Another situation we must understand, to understand Ahijah's prophecy, is the Tribe of Levi. The Levites were a tribe that belonged to God, and they had no inheritance in the land. There was NO LAND OF LEVI IN ISRAEL. They had no inheritance in the land, see Numbers 3:41; Deuteronomy 10:8; 18:1; Joshua 18:7. So when the Kingdom split, and God gave the ten tribes to Jeroboam, as we shall read in this prophecy, it meant the tribes that had land, the land that they inherited. The Levites had no land, there was nothing to take from them. The Levites were scattered all over Israel, see Gen

49:7.

Now let's go to Ahijah's prophecy: "And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field: And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces: And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith YHWH, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee (But he shall have one tribe for my servant David's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:)

"But I will take the kingdom out of his son's hand, and will give it unto thee, even ten tribes And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusa­lem, the city which I have chosen me to put my name there. And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul desireth, and shalt be king over Israel" (1 Kings 11:29-32, 35-37). Now the prophet mentioned "12 pieces," and then said that he would give "one tribe" to Solomon. Solomon was of the tribe of Judah. And  Reigned over Judah, then Israel joined Judah to become one nation, see 2 Samuel 2-5. So who is this one tribe? The tribe of Benjamin.

The International Bible Commentary says this about the "one tribe". "...the oracle [prophecy] sug­gests Benjamin joined the succession (see 1 Kings 12:20 where LXX adds 'and Benjamin' to keep to its earlier two-yet MT has Benjamin in 1 Kings 12:21). Benjamin, the tribe of Saul, might be ex­pected to have strong ties with the north against Judah. Jericho was firmly attached to the north, but other cities (notably Gideon confederacy and Levitical cities) remained loyal to Jerusalem [Benjamite city as well]...Gray suggests Simeon kept links with the north-because of the pilgrimage to Beersheba in Amos 5:5-so Benjamin is the one tribe left to Judah" (p.408). He kept the two pieces, meaning Judah and Benjamin, but just mentioned the "one tribe" that would join Judah!

 So now we have two NATIONAL NAMES. One is called the KINGDOM OF JUDAH, and the other is called the KINGDOM OF ISRAEL! These are national titles. Everyone in the Kingdom of Judah were called "Jews," NATIONALLY, even though RACIALLY, Benjamin and Levi were NOT Jews. Everyone in the Kingdom of Israel were called "Israelites," NATIONALLY, but these were NEVER CALLED “JEWS!” It was only applied to the Kingdom of JUDAH NOT ISRAEL.Thinkof it in these terms. Are all Texans Americans? Yes! Are all Americans Texans? No! Some are from Nevada,California etc..., but they are all Americans. Same thing with the Israelites. All Jews are Israelites, but NOT ALL ISRAELITES ARE JEWS!

After the split of the 12 tribes, "And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah" (1 Kings 12:26-27). First, notice that Rehoboam is called the King of Judah, separate from the House of Israel. Second Jerusalem was the cultural, financial, and spiritual center of the former nation! People went to Jerusalem for the annual feasts, and to sacrifice to God at the temple to worship him. Jeroboam was scared that the House of Israel would abandon him and go back to Judah. So what did he do? He purposely turned to IDOLA­TRY! Like a charlatan "spiritual" leader, the"...king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense" (1 Kings 12:28-33). Now, the national religions were different between Israel and Judah, which totally seperated the Kingdoms forever. Calf and Baal worship became the national religions for the House of Israel, while Judah with some revivals, repented back to God from time to time, but Israel Never repented. Now at this time, starts the decline and the eventual fall of the Phoenician, i.e. Israelite Empire, and God had no choice but to have...

The Kingdom of Israel The Kingdom of Judah

Dan Judah Asher BenjaminReuben Zebulon Ephraim Manasseh LEVI

Simeon (Scattered) Issachar Gad Naphthali

Map of the Original Boundaries of the twelve tribes

Israel Removed

The house of Israel became apostate. They went the way of the world. When Israel got to the point where there was no more room to repent anymore, God removed them from his sight. God used Assyria to carry out his chastisement on Israel.

The House of Israel and part of Judah got attacked by 5 different waves of invasions by the Assyrians. Four of them were against the House of Israel, and one against Judah.But first let's exam­ine where the tribes ended up after the split of the Kingdom.

Basically, all the tribes remained in their tribal boundaries appointed by God through Joshua. But there are some scriptures that need to be cleared up so there will no confusion. In 1 Kings 12:17, the Bible says: "But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them," see also 2 Chronicles 11:3; 1 Kings 12:21-23. Some people get confused and think that these were the northern Israelites. But as Bullinger's Companion Bible says: "The two words [Judah and Israel] are used Interchangeably, except where otherwise stated" (p.470). "Judah in these statements meant the territory, and "Israel" meant the people, i.e. the Tribe of Judah and Benjamin! Judah and Benjamin are these "children of Israel" spoken of in these passages. Afterward, as Jeroboam was in the process of making reforms in the North by changing Israel's religion, and the priesthood, most of the Levites migrated from the north to the southern kingdom of Judah.

"And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel resorted to him out of all their coasts. "For the Levites left their suburbs and their possession, and came to Judah and Jerusalem: for Jero­boam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest's office unto YHWH: "And he ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils, and for the calves which he had made.

"And after them [the Levites] out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their hearts to seek YHWH God of Israel came to Jerusalem, to sacrifice unto YHWH God of their fathers" (2 Chronicles 11:13­16). These people of the other tribes of Israel that followed the Levites in verse 16 however, did not stay in Judah, the just came to "sacrifice" to Yahweh. They went to the Temple and worshipped there, then they went back to their lands in the north. Verse 17 says: " So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam the son of Solomon strong, three years: for three years they walked in the way of David and Solomon." But after the three years what happened? "It may mean that the people of Israel only came to Jerusalem for the period of three years, that is until Jeroboam had established the northern shrines..." (The International Bible Commentary, p.466). This is the whole reason why Jeroboam set up the calves in the first place so the hand of Rehoboam would not be strengthened, and he could keep the ten tribes in the Kingdom of Israel. Read how Jeroboam reasoned: "And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David:

"If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of YHWH at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. "Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

"And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. " And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. "And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

"And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. "So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense" (1 Kings 12:26-33). After this three year period, the pilgrimages stopped!

Now what about the time of Asa king of Judah? “And he gathered all Judah and Benjamin, and those from Ephraim and Manasseh and Simeon who resided with them, for many defected to him from Israel when they saw that YHWH his God was with him" (2 Chronicles 15:9 NASB). Did these stay in Judah? Absolutely not! These people were “without the true God” v.3 for a long time, and then “turned” to God in their trouble v.4. These just went to Jerusalem to worship God v.10, they did not give up their homelands. This is why in 2 Chronicles 16:1 Baasha, King of Israel, “built Ramah, to the intent that he might let none go out or come in to Asa king of Judah..” Like the pilgramages that Jeroboam stopped before, they started again, and then eventually stopped again, by the king of Israel. No one migrated and stayed in Judah!

You also read of King Jehoshaphat reigning over the cities of Ephraim, see 2 Chronicles 15:8; 17:2. But the Commentary says:...[these] in fact were in the tribal territory of Benjamin" (ibid., p.471) These people were of the tribe of Benjamin under the control of the northern Kingdom, and Asa took those cities for himself because there were Benjamites in them. Then Baasha took back this territory, 2 Chronicles 16:1, then Judah took it back, v.5-6. There were many border battles among the two kingdoms, see 2 Chronicles 12:15, as an example. "Benjamin's territory was the battleground" (New Commentary on the Whole Bible JFB, P.580). So, now that those scriptures have been cleared up we have the northern kingdom of Israel consisting of Dan, Asher Reuben, Ephraim, Manasseh, Zebulon, Napthali, Simeon, Issachar and Gad. The Kingdom of Judah consisted of Judah, Benjamin, Levi.

First Invasion from Assyria

Let's examine one by one the invasion by the Assyrians and see what happened to the northern ten tribes.

There are many prophecies about the coming calamity of the house of Israel, but two deserve special attention. These were made by Hosea and Isaiah.

Hosea's prophecy was first uttered on the birth of his firstborn son Jezreel: "And YHWH said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little while, and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel. (Hosea 1:4). The second was uttered on the birth of His daughter: "...And God said unto him, Call her name Loruhamah: for I will no more have mercy upon the house of Israel; but I will utterly take them away. (v.6). This two­fold prophecy speaks first about the fall of the Kingdom of Israel, and the second speaks of the deportation of the nation. Mr. Thomas says: "No fixable dates are give for these events. It is evident that these two events were not synchronous; The nation is not to be carried utterly away-at the time of the fall of the kingdom" (The Assyrian Invasions and the Deportations of Israel, p.12). These two events were not supposed to happen at the same time, but Isaiah's prophecy gives the answer of the time frame when both of the events would occur.

In Isaiah's prophecy we see why no date is given in Hosea's prophecy. Isaiah wrote: "...within three­score and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people" (Isaiah 7:8).

"Here fortunately were are able to fix approximate dates...were are told that within 65 years, Israel would be broken that it would no longer be 'a people,' obviously a people in Palestine...Is says noth­ing about the cessation of the kingdom in the land, but only the cessation of the nation there...Hosea Lo-Ruhamah and Isaiah's three score and five years prophecy describes the same event...[they] refer to a complete transportation of the entire nation from Palestine" (ibid., p.13). So the whole nation was to be transported out of Palestine within the time span of exactly 65 years and of course within that time the Kingdom of Israel was to be "broken" with the fall of Samaria the capital. These words were uttered in 734 B.C. 65 years from 734 is 669 B.C. a crucial date in the history of Israel!

The first invasion happened in 2 Kings 15:19-20, it says: "And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand. "And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not there in the land." There were no deportations during the first invasion and the Kingdom of Israel still stood, but Israel paid a heavy price", see Thomas p.13.

This first invasion in fact fulfilled another prophecy in Isaiah 9:1: "Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali,[first invasion]..." The king of Assyria "lightly afflicted" Israel with a heavy tax.

Second Invasion

Now the second invasion took place in 734 B.C. This begins the deportations of the house of Israel out of Palestine, and the start of Isaiah's prophecy: " In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria" (2 Kings 15:29). Now Isaiah's prophecy starts!

In the Parallel account in 1 Chronicles 5:26, the reason why Napthali was not mentioned, is for the reason that the whole chapter was dedicated to the genealogies of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh, so the writer parenthetically wrote in what happened to those three tribes.

The second invasion fulfills the latter part of Isaiah 9:1: " ...and afterward did more grievously afflict her [second Invasion] by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations."

In the Assyrian inscriptions we read of this second invasion: "The cities of ...Gala'za, Abikka, which are on the border of Bit-Humria [house of Omri]...the whole land of Naphtali, in its entirety brought within the border of Assyria. My official I set over them as governor..."

And again: "The land of Bit-Humeria [Israel was named after this king to the Assyrians, explained later]...all of its people together with their goods I carried off to Assyria...Pakaha [Pekah], their king they disposed, and I places Ausi as King...and to Assyria I carried them" (Thomas, pp.17-18). These statements absolutely corroborate the Bible. He gave no number, but its obvious he took all of the Galilean tribes captive. The words like "all of its people," and the "whole land of Naphtali," indi­cates he took them all away.

Third Invasion (Fall of Samaria & Hosea's Prophecy)

This is the most popular and most read of all the invasions. The fall of Samaria: "Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years" (2 Kings 17:5). This campaign started in 721 B.C., and ended in 718 B.C. Thus fulfilling Hosea's prophecy,"...I will cause to cease the Kingdom of the House of Israel." Samaria was the capital of the Kingdom and the ruling government resided there. When Samaria was taken, the government ceased to exist! Now an Assyrian governor was over Israel, not an Israelite King. But the prophecy of the 65 year deportation has still yet to be fulfilled!

Proof of a fourth invasion

When Shalmaneser King of Assyria took Samaria, history shows that he died when Samaria fell, see Sayce, Assyria, It's Princes, Priests and People, p.48., and that Sargon, his son took over the siege, and completed the fall of the city. The state recorder of the book of Kings could not have known that, that's why its not recorded in the Bible. The state recorder was being attacked at the time by the Assyrians.

When we look at the records of Sargon, he could not have removed all the inhabitants of Israel, as he himself even states, he just removed the inhabitants of Samaria: "In the beginning of my reign the city of Samaria I besieged I captured...27, 280 of its inhabitants I carried away" (Thomas p.23) This is not an entire nation. Israel was much more than 27, 280 people. And as Sargon himself states, he just besieged a CITY NOT A NATION!

In 2 Kings 17:24, it shows that the King of Assyria imported gentile people in Samaria: "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof." There's a problem. These people are NOT the same people that Sargon imported from other nations. The Assyrian Chronicles read: "The conqueror of the Thamudites, the Ibadidites, the Marsiminites and the Khapaijans the remainder of whom was carried away, and whom he transported to the midst of the land of Beth-Omri [Israel]...One comparing the peoples here mentioned with those enumerated in 2 Kings 17:24, they do not appear to be the same peoples, which goes to confirm the conviction that it was not Sargon who imported the tribes mentioned in verse 24...(Thomas pp.23-24). This shows that there had to be a fourth Invasion of the Land of Israel!

Mr. Thomas makes an interesting point about Chapter 17. He shows that the great editor of the Bible Ezra, added a few words here and there to show what happened at the siege of Samaria.: "The offi­cial state records of the Kingdom of Israel ceased with the fall of the kingdom. What was the last entry of the records? It was verse 5 of chapter 17...(ibid., p.24). For reasons already stated, he could not write down what was happening anymore, Samaria was under attack. But in verse 6 we see an interesting statement about the deportation, this phrase, "and the cities of the Medes." These words are important to us, for it shows us the time frame for when these words were written.This proves that this verse was not written during the siege of Samaria, but the earliest several years afterwards, "...for a simple reason Media in 721 did not belong to the Assyrians...These words were written long years after, by Ezra" (ibid., p.25).

Other phrases for Ezra being the one who wrote the later verses of chapter 17 is the phrase that God "removed out of his sight" Israel in verse 23. This is talking about the land of Israel, see Deuter­onomy 11:12. The same expression is found in Jeremiah 7:15: "And I will cast you [Judah] out of my sight, as I have cast out all your brethren, even the whole seed of Ephraim." Sargon only took 27, 280 people away, not the "whole seed of Ephraim." So it points to a latter date.

Another interesting phrase that points to Ezra is the phrase "So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day" (2 Kings 17:23). This again shows that this did not happen in 721 to 718 B.C. For the Bible shows that there was still Israelites in the land after the invasion of Samaria: "And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of YHWH at Jerusalem, to keep the Passover unto YHWH God of Israel...So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all Israel, from Beersheba even to Dan, that they should come to keep the Passover unto YHWH God of Israel at Jerusalem: for they had not done it of a long time in such sort as it was written...So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, Ye children of Israel, turn again unto YHWH God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria...So the posts passed from city to city through the country of Ephraim and Manasseh even unto Zebulun: but they laughed them to scorn, and mocked them... Nevertheless divers of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves, and came to Jerusalem" (2 Chronicles 30:1, 5, 6, 10-11, see also verses 18, 25; 2 Chronicles 31:1, 6). This is just after the fall of Samaria, and there are still Israelites in the land, why? Isaiah's 65 year prophecy was not entirely fulfilled yet! Now we come to the fourth invasion of Israel.

Fourth Invasion

Esar-haddon son of Sennacherib was the invading king of Israel that Ezra knew about, that the state recorder could not have known. Though his name is not mentioned in the book of kings, we can see from the Assyrian inscriptions and the Encyclopedia Britannica that he was the King that invaded and deported Israel.

In 2 Chronicles 33:11 we see the invasion take place: "Wherefore YHWH brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria [Esar-Haddon] , which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon." Thomas says: "There is no explanation why Judah was not annexed by Esar-Haddon. Further it would appear that no Jewish captives were deported" (ibid., p.31). After this campaign he brought foreigners into the land of Samaria, "In accord with the accepted policy of the Assyrian kings, Esar-Haddon removed the Israelites, and into their emptied land made a wholesale importation of gentiles [now called Samaritans]" (ibid., p.31). We also find in Ezra 4:2, that the Samaritans themselves stated that they were brought in by Esar-Haddon: "...Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither." But why wasn't the northern ten tribes of the house of Israel mentioned in the book of Chronicles in this invasion? The book of Chronicles is a history about the HOUSE OF JUDAH, NOT ISRAEL, as Halley's Bible Handbook explains: "[The book of] Kings gives a parallel account of the northern and the southern kingdoms, while Chronicles confines itself to the southern kingdom. Chronicles seems to be concerned prima­rily with the kingdom of David and bringing his line down to date" (p.214). But we find in other books of the Bible and authentic history that the northern kingdom was taken by Esar-Haddon. Also notice that king Manasseh was taken captive to "Babylon." In 2 Kings 17:24, it men­tions the people of Babylon being transported to the northern kingdom by the king of Assyria, so now we have the right time frame. The "King of Assyria" in 2 Kings 17:24 is Esar-Haddon!

This campaign took place in 672 B.C.: "This event [the invasion of Israel] may possibly be dated to the year 672 B.C. at the time when Esar-Haddon introduced a series of vassal treaties at the cer­emony of the induction of the crown prince Asshurbanipal. Representatives of all countries which owed allegiance to Assyria were brought together at the royal palace at Nineveh and they were bound with particularly fearful oaths to support the crown prince after the death of his father" (Inter­national Bible Commentary, p.483). Here you have the motive for the invasion of Israel. They did not want to pledge allegiance to Asshurbanipal.

Now Esar-Haddon died in 669 B.C.. The Campaign started in 672 B.C. and the invasion finished when he died in 669 B.C. THIS COMPLETES ISAIAHS PROPHECY OF 65 YEARS! "A very interesting explanation of this passage [Ezra 4:2], has been recently obtained from the Assyrian sculptures on a large cylinder...there is inscribed a long perfect copy of the annals of Esar-Haddon, in which the details are given of a large deportation of Israelites from Palestine, and a consequent settlement of Babylonian colonists in their place [see 2 Kings 17:24]. It is a striking confirmation of the statement made in this passage...Esar-Haddon removed Babylonians to Samaria...The complete overthrow of the Israelitish Kingdom DID NOT take place TILL ESAR-HADDON Made the inva­sion of Judea and carried Manasseh prisoner to Babylon and made a conquest of the WHOLE NORTHERN PORTION OF JUDEA [Northern Israel] by those military followers of Babylon, Cutah etc...When returning to Assyria, he left behind to colonize the cities of SAMARIA formerly occupied by the Children of Israel" (JFB Critical, Experimental and Practical Commentary, p.589). Esar-Haddon also fulfilled Hosea's prophecy that Israel would no longer be a people in Palestine as Thomas explains: "This statement that they were placed [the gentiles] in the cities of Samaria' instead of Israel' implies a great deportation of Israel, and that Israel was no longer 'a people' in Palestine" (Deportation of Israel, p.32). God's word through Isaiah and Hosea were fulfilled to the letter.. In 65 years Israel was no longer a nation in Palestine. However, in Josiah's time, you still read of the Israelites in the land? See 2 Chronicles 34:6, 9, 21. But Jeremiah said that the “whole seed of Ephraim” was gone? What about these Israelites? This will be explained in the argument section of this book.

Fifth Invasion

This invasion was against Judah by Sennecherib, in 2 Kings 18:13, (710 B.C.), and 2 Chronicles 32:1" And in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities and took them." These fortified cities are listed in 2 Chronicles 11:5-12. These people in the fortified cities were mainly of the tribe of levi that defected from northern Israel, see 2 Chronicles 11:13-14. They defected to the south because the worship of God was made illegal due to Jeroboam and his apostate religion. Jeroboam said to the prophet "Arrest him" 1 Kings 13:4. We also find that he and his sons "cast off"' the Levites and the Priests of God in the north and the mi­grated to the south, see 2 Chronicles 11:14. So these people from the Levites from the north, came to the south seeking refuge from Jeroboam. Unger's Bible Handbook writes: "Rehoboam was forbidden to fight against Jeroboam...He greatly fortified his kingdom...and protected the priest and the Levites...(p.249). So when Sennacherib took these fortified cities, The Levites from the Kingdom of Israel that defected, were the ones that were taken away in this invasion.

Secular documents show that Sennacherib took 200,150 people from "forty-six strong walled cities' and taking many of the prisoners and much spoil: 'two hundred thousand, one hundred and fifty people, great and small male and female...(Missing Links in Assyrian Tablets, Capt, p.77).

So these Israelites from Levi joined their brothers in Assyria from the earlier deportations. But note, not all of Levi, because many of the Levites were scattered all over Palestine not just those cities. Many resided of course in Jerusalem and other places. I am just pointing out the fact that, the Levites that defrected from the northern kingdom of Israel were the main one who were deported to Assyria. In the books of Ezra and Nehemiah you find in the geneaologies the peoples of Judah Benjamin and and a large portion of Levi coming back with the captivity of Judah from Babylon, so many of the Levites were still in the land, in fact most were still in the land of Judah, only 200,000 Levites were taken away in that invasion by Sennacherib.

Israel & King Omri

King Omri began to reign in 929 B.C. having been placed on the throne by the army, during the siege of Gibbethon, a Levitical city in Dan. This king of Israel is very significant because its through him that the KEY TO FINDING THE IDENTITY OF THE LOST TEN TRIBES CAN BE OB­TAINED!

This king had a very splendid reign and was very well known among the gentile nations: "[His] chief [achievement] was the foundation of Samaria, which thenceforth became the capital city of the kingdom of Israel" (A Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, John Kitto, vol.3, p.365). Omri, while appearing from biblical records to be one of the lesser kings of Israel, nevertheless became one of the most important to the Assyrians, the Moabites, and other kingdoms to the north and east of Palestine.

        In Hasting's Bible dictionary under the article "Omri," the Assyrian spelling is given as "Humri or Humria" with the comment that the equivalent of the Hebrew-Canaanite y with the Assyrian h is illustrated by Schrader; Cot 2 i p.179.

 Several other examples are given, including the identification of "Ammi-rabi" (Amraphel) with Hammurabi, demonstrating how some languages pronounce the h like a k while others leave it silent. An extensive inscription from the Moabite stone published in Hasting's Bible dictionary (Vol. 3, page 621) reads "Omri was King of Israel and oppressed Moab a long time (lit. many days), for Chemosh was wroth with his land. And his son succeeded him (i.e. Omri), and he too said 'I will oppress Moab' in my time (i.e. of Mesha) he said thus. But I saw (my desire) on him and his house, and Israel perish with an everlasting destruction." (This merely implies that Ahab, who was a son of Omri, was finally compelled to relinquish his hold on Moab and is an exaggeration.)

 "So Omri obtained possession of the land of Mehedeba, and dwelt therein during his days and half the days of his son, forty years..."

        Hasting's says, "These dates (following information on difficulties in the chronology of Omri's reign) harmonize better with the results of Assyriology, with the deep impression which Omri had produced in western Asia by his military prowess." This impression was no fleeting one, but ex­tended over a very long period. We have clear indication of this in the fact that Palestine was called Bit Humri or 'land of the house of Omri,' from the time of Shalmaneser II (860) to that of Sargon (722-705). 'The usurper Jehu is called on Shalmaneser's black obelisk ‘Ja'ua agal Humari,’ ‘Jehu, son of Omri.’And no less deep was the impression produced in Israel and Judah. The reference to the ‘statutes of Omri’ in Micah 6:16 is an indication of this, his name being coupled with that of his son Ahab.’’’

Shalmaneser's monument refers to Jehu of Israel and Hazael of Syria amongst his enemies and tribute-paying vassals shows that the mighty power of Assyria was threatening the independence of the peoples of Syria and Palestine. Here on the obelisk we see Jehu "son of Omri" paying tribute.

Here are some more examples: "...the border of BIT-HUMRIA...the whole land of Napthali...The land of BIT-HUMRIA...all its people together...I carried off to Assyria..."(Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylon, D.D. Lucenbill, p.292, emphasis added).

Thus, when Shalmaneser's army brought hundreds of thousands of captured Israelites as slaves into the land of Assyria, the Assyrian army and local populace only knew them as "Bit Humri." And never referred to them as Hebrews, Israelites, or by any other Israelitish or Jewish term!

In any number of languages, the h is silent. However, in other languages the h has a hard sound, pronounced by forcing the sharp sound against the hard palate, as in the English word "how." In some languages, such as German, the h can be pronounced quite similarly to the English k.

Thus "Bit Humri" was pronounced by some "Kumri" and by the Greeks "Kimri," "Cimri" or "Gymri."

These peoples are also found in history as the "Cimmerians."

The "Bit Humri," or the "Kumri," who were known by the Greeks as the "Kimbri," are said to be the progenitors of the CELTS!

There is a lot of evidence supporting the fact that the Assyrians called Israel by other names: "...let­ters covering the sweep of the Empire in the seventh century [time of Israel's captivity] contain references to captive Israelites...However owing to the relevant texts being mixed up in complete disorder among so many others, the early translators failed to recognize references to the Israelites in about a dozen tablets. Contributing to the fact that WE NOW KNOW that the Assyrians called the ISRAELITES BY OTHER NAMES" (RF. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters, and Waterman, The Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire, p.101, emphasis added). That name can only be the "house of Omri." As even the Britannica admits:"...the land [of Israel] continued to be known to the Assyrians down to the time of Sargon as the house of Omri..." (11th edition, vol.20, p.105, em­phasis added).

Raymond Capt in his book Missing Links in Assyrian Tablets, shows the name of the Israelites given to them by the Assyrians: "Above the scene is written in Assyrian cuneiform script: 'The tribute to Jehu (Iaua) son of Khumri(Omri)...' The Hebrew name 'Omri' is represented in Assyrian translitera­tion as 'Gh' or 'Kh.' The Israelites would naturally pronounce 'Omri' 'Ghomri' which became 'Khumri' in Assyrian...The Assyrian name 'Khumri,' used to denote the Israelites is also found in the annals (records) of King Tiglath-Pileser III concerning his invasion of Israel...Sargon II (722-705 B.C.) also makes mention of the 'Khumri' in his record of the capture of Samaria. He refers to himself as the conqueror of 'Bit-Khumri'...Letter 112...reveals the names of the inhabitants of Gamir as 'Gamera' and further identified them as 'CIMMERIANS.' The texts of the preceding tablets reveal the Israelites, originally known to the Assyrians, as 'Khumri,'...In captivity the Israelites were renamed 'Gamira,' 'Gamera' and FINALLY CIMMERIANS''' (pp.99, 115, emphasis added). If you look at any historical map, you will find the Cimmerians dwelling north of Assyria between the Black and the Caspian Seas. This is the same place as Habor, and the cities of the Medes. The place

where the Israelites were placed, and now called CIMMERIANS!

734-669 B C Israel taken into exile by the Assyrians who called them Khumri. 710-590 B C Israelites, called Khumri by the Assyrians and Kimmeroii(Cimmerians) by the Greeks, established a reign of terror in Asia Minor. They finally migrated to Europe, to a place which they called Arsareth (2 Esdras 13:40-44 of the

Apochrypha)

Israel's Post-Captivity Names

So here we have people from the "land of the house of Omri" (Israel) called Ombri, Ghomri, Khumri, Humri, Gimiri, Gimarrai, Kimmerioi, Cimmerians and Cimbri. It is interesting that: "...the Cimmerians seeming to be the same people [as] the Gaul's or Celts...it is observable that the Welsh, who are descended from the Gaul's, still call themselves Cymri, Kymri" (Samuel Lysons, Our British Ancestors, p.23, 27, emphasis added).

Etymology in Celtic Names

The Cimmerians or Celts have also been known as the Keltae, Geltae, Galatae, Galatians, Goidels, Gauls and Gaels. Where did these names come from? The Cimmerians in Armenia were later joined from the southeast by westward-advancing Scythians from Medo-Persia--i.e. Israelites from around

Samaria (taken in the second captivity). However, the Cimmerians were first established as those people who had been carried away in Israel's first Assyrian captivity, known as the "Galilean Captivity," from the northern and eastern regions of the Northern Kingdom--the lands of GALILEE and GILEAD! (There was a practice of attaching "gilead" as a suffix to places, e.g. Jabesh-gilead and Ramoth-gilead.) In the Trans-Jordan area was also the tribe of GAD.

Just to the east of the Sea of Galilee we still find the GOLAN Heights. The Hebrew Golan means "their captivity" and comes from the word Golah, meaning "captive" or "exile" (Enhanced Strong's Lexicon). Arthur Spier, Jewish author of A Comprehensive Hebrew Calendar, says that "Golah" referred to those Israelite "communities living beyond the confines of Israel" (p. 62). Galilee, Gilead, Gad, Golan and Golah are all possible etymological roots for Galatae, Goidels or Gauls--the Celtic people!

Remember too that in Spain these people were Celtiberians or just Iberians--as the Israelites living just north of Armenia were also called. Iber-ia is "land of Iber." Based on what we now know of these people, we can easily see that "Iber" is almost identical with "Eber" or "Heber"--that is, "He­brew," which sounds very close to "Ibheriu," the ancient name of Ireland (Heb. Ivri = ancient Gaelic Iveriu). The "Emerald Isle" was also known as Ivernia, Hibernia, Iberon, Ierne, Erin, Eire, Ire-land.

Immediately west of northern Scotland, the Hebrews probably gave their name to the islands called the Hebrides. In northeast Spain, the Ebro River was most likely named after them. It is probable that Israelite mariners brought the name Hebrew to the Iberian Peninsula. And, since the northern Danites dwelling near the Phoenicians lived in the region of Galilee, they may also have brought such Celtic names as Galacia (northwestern Spain) and Portugal ("Port of the Gaels"). These names may also have been brought by the transcontinental Celts.

"In Isaac Your Seed Shall Be Called"!

We saw in the beginning of this book that before Abraham's son, Isaac, was born, God gave this solemn prophecy: "For in Isaac your seed shall be called" (Gen. 21:12)! It is repeated twice in the New Testament (Rom. 9:7; Heb. 11:18). But how would Almighty God fulfill that ancient prophecy? How would Isaac's sons be called after the name of their ancestor?

In the Old Testament, the people of Israel were generally called the "House of Israel" (Heb. beit Yisrael) and, quite frequently, the "House of Jacob" (Heb. beit Ya'akov). However, they were also referred to as the "House of Isaac" (Heb. beit Yitzak, Amos 7:16).

About 751 B.C. (30 years before the Assyrian deportation of the northern tribes to Media) the Prophet Amos said, "The high places [idolatrous shrines] of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuar­ies of Israel [at Dan and Bethel] shall be laid waste" (v. 9). In that scripture, "Isaac" and "Israel" both refer to the same people--the people of Israel. Amos also stated, "And the LORD said to me, 'Go, prophesy to My people [the Northern Kingdom of] Israel'" (v. 15). Amos then told Amaziah, king of Judah, "Now therefore, hear the word of the LORD: You [Amaziah] say 'Do not prophesy against Israel, and do not spout against the HOUSE OF ISAAC'" (v. 16).

Notice that the people of the Kingdom of Israel were being called the "House of Isaac" a few dec­ades before the Northern Kingdom was destroyed and its people taken captive. Those Israelites would have told their captors that they were the people of "Beit Yitzak." Since the Assyrian language was a Semitic tongue akin to the Hebrew language, the Assyrians may well have referred to the captives of the House of Israel by not only the name "House of Omri," but also the "House of Isaac"!

Then after Israel's national captivity, what did the large majority of Israelites end up being called by the Persians and others? "Sacae" or "Sakai." In Sharon Turner's History of the Anglo-Saxons  he shows part of Armenia being named "Sacsina" after them--a term parallel with the "Saxons." Let's look again at the relevant sentence here showing the development of the word "Saxon": "Sakai-Suna or the Sons of Sakai [Sakai-sons] abbreviated into Saksun, which is the same sound as Saxon, seems a reasonable etymology of the word 'Saxon'" (p. 87).

Now where did this word Sakai or Sacae come from? "SACCAE was the contemporary Middle Eastern term for Scyth and the name is believed to be a DERIVATIVE OF 'ISAAC'" (Davidy, p. 128). Doesn't it make sense, then, that "SAXONS" is simply a logical linguistic corruption of "ISAAC'S SONS."

In pronouncing the Hebrew word for Isaac, Yitzak, it is easy to see how the first syllable could be dropped over time. In American English, the first "o" in the word "oppossum" is no longer pro­nounced by many people. Other word corruptions are more dramatic--a "telephone" is now simply a "phone." A "refrigerator" is a "fridge." Instead of sending "facsimiles," we send "faxes." Most nick­names derive from the same shortening of words. For instance, women named Elizabeth are often called "Liz" or "Beth."

But perhaps the most poignant example of this for our purposes is what the Assyrians (whose court language was Semitic) did with the word Israel (Heb. Yisra'el). Notice how they referred to King Ahab of Israel in ancient documents: "A-ha-ab-bu Sir-'i-la-a-a" (cf. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, pp. 277-281). They clearly dropped the Yi from Yisra'el (or the "I" from Israel)! Wouldn't the same be true of Yitzak? Based on all we've seen, more than likely! The Yi would be dropped, leaving Tzak (or the "I" dropped, leaving Saac or the plural Saccae).

The name Saccae occurs in numerous other forms besides Sakai, Sakai-Suna, Sacsina and Saxons. They were also known as Sakki, Sagettae, Massagetae, Getae, Geats, Goths, Sacai, Scyths, Scythians, Scolotoi, Scuths, Scuits and Scots. So not only is Isaac's name to be found in the modern Saxons, it is the "parent" name of all these listed names. Scotland, Skaane and Scandinavia are named after the Scythians--and thus Isaac!

This House of Isaac, meant primarily Ephraim and Manasseh. As Jacob said to them: "...let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac;" (Gen 48:16). Ephraim and Manasseh were the leaders of the northern kingdom, so it was only right that the Northern kingdom was named after them: "Ephraim-referring to the Northern Kingdom of Israel, Ephraim was its leading tribe" (New Commentary on the Whole Bible, JFB, P.1214).

Even when the Israelites entered the promised land under Joshua, the Armarna tablets shows two groups of people, the "Haberi [Hebrews]" and the "SAGA." The "Saga...is said to be identical with the Haberi." These were one and the same people. This name was also found on the Bethistun Rock in Persia, and Henry Rawlinson says, "represents the Israelites." This name Sakai, or Saga on the Bethistun Rock is the "House of Isaac." Why were the Hebrews identified as two groups when they entered the promised land, and continued that way until the exile? The Saga were Ephraim and Manasseh carrying the name of Isaac as Jacob said (Quotes from Lost Ten tribes...Found Collins, p.183).

Hard Physical Evidence

Is there any archaeological evidence of Israelites migrating up through the Caucasus and around the northern side of the Black Sea? Yes!

Authentic "gravestones," writes Neubauer, "which are now recognized as genuine by all men of learning" have been found in the region of the Crimea (or Krim--named after the Cimmerians), north of the Black Sea, bearing Hebrew inscriptions. Three of note were referred to by J.W. Bosanquet in his article, "Synchronous History," published in the 1873 Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, volume 2. One reads, "This is the tombstone of Buki, the son of Izchak, the priest; may his rest be in Eden, at the time of the salvation of Israel. In the year 702 of the years of our Exile." The second states, "Rabbi Moses Levi died in the year 726 of our Exile." And the third says, "Zadok, the Levite, son of Moses, died 4000 after the creation, 785 of our exile."

Counting from an eighth century B.C. captivity, the years just mentioned indicate that these people died around the beginning of the Christian Era. Bosanquet says that, according to Neubauer's History of the Crimean Tombs (p. 29), the Israelites there claimed "to be descended from the Ten Tribes." So, many descendants of those Israelites who were deported to Assyria still lived north of the Black Sea at this time.

It is also interesting to see that we find "Levites" in this area. In the book of Ezra we find that Ezra was looking for Levites to do service in the Temple of God, and sent word to Iddo the Chief of "Casiphia" to send him Israelites, see Ezra 8:15-20! This was the Caspian Sea, the place where the ten tribes were exiled. Not to mention the 200,000 Levites that Sennecherib took from the fortified cities. Ezra knew exactly where the ten tribes were.

How these people had gotten there is recorded in an amazing epigraph found on another tombstone in this same region. Here is C. Coffin's translation of A.E. Harkavy's German version (published in Academia Scientiarum Imperialis Memoires, St. Petersburg, vol. 24, no. 1, 1863, p. 9):

I Jehuda ben Mose ha-Nagolon of the East country, ben Jehuda ha-Gibbor of the tribe of Naphtali, of the generation Schillem, who went into the exile with the exiles, who were driven away with Hosea, the king of Israel, together with the tribes of Simeon and Dan and some of the generations of the other tribes of Israel, which (all) were led into exile by the enemy Shalmanesser from Schomron [Samaria] and their cities to Chalach [Halah], that is, Backack and to Chabar [Habor], that is, Chabul and to Hara, that is, Herat, and to Gosan [Gozan], the cities of the exiled tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half of Manasseh, which Pilneser [Tiglath-Pileser] drove into exile and settled there

 (and from there they scattered themselves over the whole land of the East as far as Sinim)--when I returned from wandering in the land of their exile and from journeying in the dwelling places of the descendants of their generations in their resting places of the Land of Krim [the Crimea].

This, of course, confirms everything we have already seen about the journeyings of the northern Ten Tribes following their captivity. It is remarkable historical evidence that they passed through the Crimea en route to Northwest Europe! See Photo of inscription in Frederick Habermas book Tracing Our Ancestors, p.131.

       Grave Stones in Crimea

Map of Ptolemy showing Habor, one of the places of the exile Israelites. Israelitish names are in the cities

Many thousands of ancient Hebrew gravestones have been discov­ered in the Scythian and Crimean regions. This is one of them, discovered by Professor Chwolson of Petrograd who has translated 700. It reads:

"This is the gravestone of Buki, son of Isaac the priest. May his rest be in Eden at the time of the deliverance of Israel. In the year 702 of the years after our exile."

If Samaria fell in 718 B.C., then 718 - 702 = 16 B.C. Also in Num­bers 34:22 there is reference to someone named "Bukki" described as a "Prince of the tribe of Dan" so the name was a common Israelite name. In several of these tombs, Hebrew manuscripts were found, some of which are translated by Professor Hannay as fol­lows:

"I am Jedudi, the son of Moses, the son of Jehudi the mighty, a man of the tribe of Naphtili, which was carried captive with the other tribes of Israel, by Prince Shalmaneser, from Samaria during the reign of Hoshea, King of Israel. They were carried to Halah, to Habor -- which is Cabul -- to Gozan and to the Cheronesus -- which is the Crimea." (Haberman, Tracing Our Ancestors, p.129)

Another tombstone reads: "To one of the faithful in Israel, Abraham ben Mar-Sinchah of Kertch, in the year of our exile 1682 (963 A.D.), when the envoys of the Rosh Meschek came from Kiou to our master... Prince David, Halmah, Habor and Gozan, to which place Tiglath Pileser had exiled the sons of Reuben and Gad, and the half have been scattered through the entire coast even as far as China."

(Haberman, p.130)

Fascinating Racial Roots

All peoples on earth today have descended from Noah's three sons-Shem, Ham and Japheth-as recorded in Genesis 10. (NOTE: By comparing the known geographic origins of the major racial groups with the ancient locations of the biblically listed descendants of Noah's sons, it is possible to determine which son of Noah fathered which major race.) Ham is the father of the Negroids-the dark-skinned peoples who inhabited Africa, India, and, anciently, certain eastern Mediterranean countries like Canaan. Japheth is the father of the Mongoloids-the yellow and brown peoples of Asia and the native Indian tribes of North, Central and South America. Many of the olive-skinned peoples who inhabited the countries of the northern rim of the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Greeks) are also descendants of Japheth and his sons. Shem is the father of the Caucasoids-the fair-skinned blonds, red-heads and brunets who are often called the "white" peoples. So the Anglo-Saxon-Celts must have descended from Shem. This makes absolutely perfect sense when you realize that the very name of the Caucasian race is derived from the CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS-the area we've been reading so much about!

Some, though, have argued that Shem's descendants-including Abraham's descendants (Gen. 11:21­32)-are not white. Yet the Bible clearly describes Abraham and Sarah's descendants as "fair" (Heb. yapheh--Gen. 12:11; 24:16; 26:7; Esther 2:7 KJV).

There is a description of Sarah, "In the seventh Dead Sea Scroll, whoever wrote this extolled Sarah's perfection from head to foot and while it was written in prose poem, the description as it appeared in the news media was as follows:

'Her skin was pure white;

'She had long lovely hair;

Her limbs were smooth and rounded (her thighs were shapely;)

'She had slender legs and small feet;

'Her hand were slim and long and so were her fingers.'

"Unfortunately as far as is known, no description of Abraham appears in the Dead Sea scrolls, but as Sarah's description is that of her racial attributes, one can only conclude that Abraham [being a relative of Sarah, see Gen 20:12] would be identical" (R. Weliland, God's Covenant People, p.340, emphasis added).

As a youth, King David (a Jew) was "ruddy and of a fair countenance" (1 Sam. 17:42 KJV). Such words could never be used to describe either Hamites or Japhethites. "Ruddy: red; reddish; of the colour of healthy skin in white-skinned peoples" (Chambers Concise Dictionary, 1988, p. 932). Israel's Nazarites are described as being "purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies" (Lam. 4:7 KJV). What peoples might have "ruby-red cheeks"? These are words that could never apply to darker-skinned peoples. Black, brown, yellow or even olive-skinned Mediterranean-type people could never be called "ruddy in body."

What color are the majority of today's ethnic Jews--many of whom live in Russia or New York City? White! Many of them could easily pass for British, Scandinavian or other Nordic European types. Notice this quote by Huxley and Haddon in We Europeans, concerning the few Nordic type people in Germany: "Hence their physique... is identical: fierce blue eyes, red hair (rutilae comae), tall frames.... It may be noted that red hair is rare among modern Germans, save among those of Jewish origin" (p. 36)!

Though some of Shem's descendants are darker because of their intermarriage with darker-skinned peoples, still, it is almost exclusively among the descendants of Shem-such as the Israelites-that we find light-skinned brunets, red-heads and blonds. Therefore the Celts and Scythian Anglo-Saxons must be descendants of Shem! Another indication of this descent is found in the following quote: "Alfred, king of the Anglo-Saxons [b. 849 A.D.] was... the son [descendant] of Sem [Shem]" (Church Historians of England, vol. 2, p. 443). Notice also: "So the Anglo-Saxons may well have had records of the ancestry of their kings, beginning with Sceaf... and calling Sceaf the son of Noe, born in the Ark, or even identifying him with the Patriarch Shem" (Haigh, Conquest of Britain by the Saxons, p. 115).

This author also says: "The Old Testament book The Song of Solomon appears to confirm this description of Yhshua. Many theologians are convinced that the 'Husband' in this book has a dual fulfillment in both Solomon and, prophetically, in Yhshua [Jesus] the Messiah: 'My beloved [hus­band] is white and ruddy...(Song of Solomon 5:10 KJV)''' (R. Weiland, p.342, emphasis theirs). This is the same description of David. And since Jesus is a descendant of David and Solomon, its only logical that Jesus looks or resembles David.

Publius Lentrelus, a resident of Judea in Jesus Time wrote about Jesus and said that he had "...eyes bright blue..." (ibid., p.341). Just like David! Jesus most likely had reddish or blond Hair, Maybe even freckles? Many writers like the letter to Caesar himself by Pontius Pilate, and "Gamaliel's interview," about Jesus all describe Jesus with light colored hair and eyes, see ibid., pp.340-341.

Now also with the Shroud of Turin being proved as genuine, the experts say that the man on the Shroud, who is Jesus is "male Caucasian" (Robert Bucklin M.D., J.D.Las Vegas, Nevada). And that Jesus Had "light blonde hair" (Unlocking the Secrets of the Shroud, p.137, Gilbert Lavoie).

Now that we know and will get into more detail about the Scythian and the Celtic people being the exiled Israelites, what did they look like? Dr. Hans Gunther, professor of Berlin University in the 1920's in his book, "Racial Elements of European History, stated, "... ancient writers, such as Polemon of Ilium, Galienos, Clement of Alexandria, and Adamantios, state that the Scythians [Sacae] were like the Kelts and Germans, and describe them as ruddy-fair. The Scythian tribe of the Alans are also described as having a Nordic appearance. Ammianus [c350 A.D.] describes them as "almost all tall and handsome, with hair almost yellow, and a fierce look." This is how the Bible describes the Israelites.

"The Dying Gaul" Musei Capitolini, Rome. Note the Characteristics known to the Celts such as flowing mustaches and wild backward swept hair, which was smeared with a thick wash of lime to lighten and thicken it like a horses mane. These characteristics were the same as the Israelites, modern British, Americans and the Scandinavian peoples today!

The Behistun Rock

In Iran there is an inscription called the Behistun Rock that was made during the time of Darius the Mede. The inscription is written in 3 different languages, Babylonian, Elamite and Persian.

The Behistun Rock helps us to understand our Celtic (Cimmerian) and Anglo-Saxon (Scythian) Heritage. They list 23 different provinces which then constituted the Persian Empire (520 B.C.) According to the translation by LW King and RC Thomson, the 19th province listed, in the Persian Language, that province is called "Scythia" (phonetic: Sakka) and in the Susian (Median) But in the Babylonian language, that Same province is called "the land of the Cimmerians" (phonetic: Gimiri). This shows that the Cimmerians and the Scythians were one and the same people.

Notice the following extract from The History of Herodotus: "The ethnic name of Gimiri first occurs in the cuneiform records of the time of Darius Hystapses [Darius I], as the Semitic equivalent of the Arian name Saka[Sacae = Scythians = Saxons].... The nation spoken of contained at this time two divisions, the eastern branch, named Humurga... and the [western branch] Tigrakkuda or 'archers,' who [shared a common border]... with the Assyrians" (translated by G. Rawlinson, H. Rawlinson and

J.G. Wilkinson, emphasis added).

In the Book Missing Links in Assyrian Tablets, Capt says that the Rock shows the Scythians are a "branch of the Gimiri" (p.140).

Here is more about these eastern and western branches of the Scythians: "A group of Amyrgian Scythians in the time of Darius, king of Persia, were reported as then dwelling on the Tigris [River] banks. They were led by a chief Saku'ka and revolted against the Persian rulers. In a bilingual in­scription these Amyrgians are called Saka Humuvashka in Persian and Gimirri Umurgah in Babylonian. Gimirri [in the Babylonian version] means either 'Tribes' or Cimmerians or perhaps both since the Scyths and Cimmerians were originally ONE ENTITY" (Davidy, p. 360).

Sir Henry Rawlinson was also of this opinion: "The identification of the Persian Sacae or Scythians with the people named by the Greeks Kimmerioi [Cimbri = Celts]... would seem highly probable" (Proceedings of the Royal Asiatic Society, May 12, 1849, p. xxi). How about that! Incredibly, history reveals that the Celts (Cimmerians) were merely the western branch of the wide-ranging Scythians!

Madison Grant concurred with this conclusion, writing that the Cimmerians, the Sacae (Saxons) and the Massagetae all sprang from the Scythians (p. 194). So these great peoples, seemingly originating in northern Mesopotamia and in Persia, were basically the same. The Cimmerians (to the west) and the Scythians (to the east--yet always advancing westward upon the Cimmerians) were actually branches of the same great family!

“The dominant feature of the Behistun Rock inscriptions is King Darius, in royal attire and surrounded by captives. Around the captives are five main panels, twenty in all. The first panel contains 19 paragraphs and 96 lines. Each paragraph commences with the words: “I am Darius, the king of kings, the king of Persia.” The second panel has 16 paragraphs and 96 lines; over each figure is a brief history of the man and the tribe he represents. The tenth panel is most interesting to a Bible student because it speaks of “Sarocus,” the Sacan, who has the HEBREW FORM OF A HEAD DRESS.”.

“Most noteworthy is King Darius majestically standing before nine persons united by a rope around their necks and their hands fastened behind their backs ( as seen in Photograph above). A tenth man is prostrate on his back; the right foot of the king is upon his body. No two of the prisoners are dressed alike. Some of them have short tunics, others have long flowing robes. They are evidently the HEAD CHEIFS OF THE TEN TRIBES OF ISRAEL. The word “Kana” occurs 28 times in the inscription and the word “Armenia” also occurs frequently. This is the area from which the prisoners were taken -the very area where the ten tribes of Israel had been placed by the Assyrians” (Missing Links in Assyrian Tablets, by Ray Capt, p.139, emphasis added)

Corroborative Evidence

Now let's look at the apocryphal book of 2 Esdras--which claims to be a series of apocalyptic visions to Ezra the Scribe. Though it cannot be trusted as Scripture, it can nevertheless give us a historical perspective. Zondervan Publishers' New Revised Standard Version notes that the bulk of this book was probably written at the end of the first century A.D.

Notice the following passage: "And as for your seeing him gather to himself another multitude that was peaceable, these are the nine tribes [footnote: Other Latin manuscripts say "ten" and the Arme­nian says "nine and a half"] that were taken away from their own land into exile in the days of King Hoshea, whom Shalmaneser, king of the Assyrians, made captives; he took them across the river [Euphrates], and they were taken into another land" (13:39-40 NRSV).

Perhaps the missing tribe here, if there was one, was Dan since, as we saw in chapter two, many Danites probably "leapt" west from the Promised Land (Deut. 33:22) before and during the Assyrian invasions. Though, undoubtedly, there were still a number of Danites who went into captivity with the rest of their brothers of the Northern Kingdom.

Look at what happened next to the Israelites in Assyrian captivity: "But they formed this plan for themselves, that they would leave the multitude of the nations and go to a more distant region, where no human beings had ever lived, so that there at least they might keep their statutes that they had not kept in their own land. And they went in by the narrow passages of the Euphrates river [undoubtedly the mountain passages north of Lake Van from the Euphrates to the Araxes Rivers].... Through that region there was a long way to go, a journey of a year and a half; and that country is called Arzareth" (2 Esdras 13:41-43, 45 NRSV).

The Euphrates-Araxes passages just mentioned would take them NORTH toward the Caucasus Mountains. What about Arzareth--or Arsareth, as it is often spelled? It has traditionally been identi­fied with the region of the Sareth or Siret River--which flows south along the east side of the Carpathian Mountains in eastern Romania until it meets the Danube just before flowing east into the Black Sea. (Remember that it took a "year and a half" to get there from south of the Caucasus.) Incredible! This migration pattern from south of the Caucasus, moving northwest around the north side of the Black Sea until entering Eastern Europe was exactly the same path we have already established for the Cimmerians!

This also confirms a Bible Passage about a mass migration of Israel out of the Middle East into Europe: "I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah, as the flock in the midst of their fold: they shall make great noise by reason of the multitude of men.

"The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and YHWH on the head of them" (Micah 2:12-13). The land between the Black and the Caspian Seas are the "GATEWAY INTO EUROPE (see map Below). The Middle East is closed off land wise, exept through the land between the Black and the Caspian Seas

Which Tribes Returned to the Promised Land?

Some historians have held the view that the northern Ten Tribes returned to the Promised Land from the areas of their Assyrian captivity at the same time the Jews returned from their later Babylonian captivity--and that the northern Israelites subsequently intermingled with the Jews, losing their separate national identity. But this just isn't so! The Bible makes it very clear that the overwhelming majority of those who returned to the Holy Land from Babylonian captivity were from the tribes of JUDAH and BENJAMIN, and a majority of LEVI.

Many today harbor a common misconception that ALL Twelve Tribes returned to the Promised Land ("Judah" or "Judea") in the late 500s and early 400s B.C. But this can be disproven by two valuable sources: Scripture (especially, the books of Ezra and Nehemiah) and the brilliant Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus (c. 37-100 A.D.).

Testimony of Ezra: God "stirred up the spirit" of King Cyrus the Great so he would permit the Jews to "build Him [God] a house at Jerusalem which is in JUDAH" (Ezra 1:1-2). But which tribes of Israel returned at that time to help build the Temple at Jerusalem? "Then the heads of the fathers' houses of JUDAH and BENJAMIN, and the priests and the LEVITES... arose to go up and build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem" (v. 5).

A careful study of the rest of this book clearly reveals that those Israelites who were mentioned were only from the tribes of JUDAH, BENJAMIN and LEVI. These tribes ARE ISRAELITES, but not all ISRAELITES ARE JEWS. These three tribes make up the southern kingdom of JUDAH!

Another note from Ezra. Ezra, the editor of the Bible said in 2 Kings 17, that the northern kingdom was carried away into Assyria "UNTO THIS DAY [days of Ezra]" (verse 23).

Testimony of Nehemiah: "So I called a great assembly.... And I said to them [the Jews], 'According to our ability we have redeemed our JEWISH BRETHREN'.... Moreover there were at my table one hundred and fifty JEWS and rulers" (Neh. 5:7-8, 17). He also says, "And I found a register of the genealogy of those who had come up in the first return [from Babylonian captivity], and found written in it: 'These are the people who came back from the captivity, of those who had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away captive [to Babylon--NOT whom Shalmaneser or Sargon had carried to Assyria!], and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah [NOT Samaria and northern Israel], everyone to his own city" (7:5-6). Thus the Bible makes it very plain that those who returned were NOT descendants of the northern Ten Tribes who went into Assyrian captivity in the late 700s B.C. Rather, they were descendants of those Jews taken captive eastward to Babylonia in 586 B.C.

Why, then, does verse 73 say, "So the priests, the Levites... and ALL ISRAEL dwelt in their cities"? Some biblical scholars assume that "all Israel" here refers to all Twelve Tribes. But all of the Jews had not even returned--much less all of the ISRAELITES! So is there a different way to look at this? Yes--EVERY descendant of Israel (Jacob) is an ISRAELITE in the broad sense of the word! The JEWS who returned to the land of JUDAH traced their lineage back to the tribes of JUDAH, BENJAMIN and LEVI; therefore they all would have been "ISRAELITES." Clearly, when

 Nehemiah spoke of "all Israel," he meant all the descendants of Israel that were there at the time-­living in the land. And which "Israelites" would they have been? Almost exclusively those of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi!

When you read the books of Ezra and Nehemiah many people think that just because the word "Israel" is mentioned more times than the word "Jew," they come to the conclusion that all of Israel including the northern ten tribes returned. Let's test that theory. In Ezra 10:5 Ezra calls "all Israel" to swear an oath. Who is "all Israel" according to Ezra? All of Israel, was the Israel that was THERE AT THAT TIME! In verse 9 you read who gathered together for that oath, "...the men of JUDAH AND BENJAMIN GATHERED AT JERUSALEM..." This is "all Israel," the tribes that were there at that time!

Aother example that these scholars come up with to try and prove that the ten tribes returned to the Promise land was when Ezra offered the twelve he-goats "according to" the tribes of Israel, see Ezra

6:17. In this they say that the twelve tribes returned.

First of all, Jacob had twelve sons not three. The returning tribes consisted of three. The total number of the tribes of Israel was twelve. That's why the offering was "ACCRDING TO THE NUMBER OF TRIBES OF ISRAEL." The number is twelve not three. Second Elijah took stones "according to" the tribes of Israel, and the house of Judah was NOT EVEN THERE. Why didn't he offer ten? Why twelve? Because there are 12 tribes in all not ten of Israel, see 2 Kings 18:31.

Testimony of Flavius Josephus: Writing his history near the end of the first century A.D., Josephus explains, "The entire body of the people [the Ten Tribes] of ISRAEL remained in that country, wherefore there are but Two Tribes [Judah and Benjamin] in Asia and Europe subject to the Romans, while the TEN TRIBES are beyond Euphrates till now [c. 100 A.D.], and are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers" (Antiquities of the Jews, bk. 11, chap. 5, sec. 2). That should settle the matter! More than 600 years after the return of the Jews to the Promised Land from Babylonian exile, the Ten Tribes had STILL not returned from the lands beyond the Euphrates River to which the Assyrians had deported them! This area which Josephus was referring to was the PARTHIAN EMPIRE! The Parthians were the House of Israel, explained later!

Even the Jewish people know that the ten tribes did not return to the Promise land. Notice this from the Jewish Quarterly Review: "The captives of [the Ten Tribes of] Israel exiled beyond the Euphrates did not return as a whole to Palestine along with their brethren the captives of Judah; at least there is no mention made of this event in [any of] the documents at our disposal" (vol. 1, p. 15). The exiled northern Ten Tribes did NOT return to their former homeland, nor were they later assimilated, as a group, by their relatives, the Jews.

Who Were the Celts?

The ancient Celts, the bulk of whom, history says, inhabited the central and western parts of Europe, were in fact, Israelites whose origins are traced from that region in Europe through which flows the River Danube, and from the Near East.

The Anglicized "Celt," or "Kelt," is nothing more than the generic name of the ancient people who inhabited Northern and Western Europe. They were regarded, by ancient writers, as "all the fair-haired peoples dwelling north of the Alps," and the name "Celt" comes from the Greek language, for the Greeks termed them all "Keltoi."

The dominance of the Celts in northwestern Europe and the British Isles is well known.

Ancient writers spoke of the Gauls, who gave their name to modern-day France, as the "Cimbri," and identified them with the Cimmerians of an earlier date, who are mentioned by Homer.

They are identified as migrating through the mouth of the Danube, and early Celts are said to have been "continually moving westward." The "Belgae" were also Cimbri in origin. They spread across the Rhine and gave their name "to all northern France and Belgium" (Encyclopaedia Britanica, 11th edition, Vol. 5, page 612).

Samuel Lysons wrote about "the Cimmerians seeming to be the same people [as] the Gauls or Celts under a different name; and it is observable that the Welsh, who are descended from the Gauls, still call themselves Cymri or Kymry" (Our British Ancestors, 1865, pp. 23, 27).

Of the many thousands of books dealing with ancient history, none has presented ancient British origins in as clear and accurate a light as the monumental, multi-volume work, The History of the Anglo-Saxons from the Earliest Period to the Norman Conquest by the well-respected English historiographer, Sharon Turner (1768-1842). He says, "Europe... has been peopled by three great streams of population from the East, which have followed each other, at intervals so distinct, as to possess languages clearly separable from each other. The earliest of these... comprised the Cimmerian and Celtic race. The second consisted of the Scythian, Gothic, and German tribes; from whom most of the modern nations of continental Europe have descended" (vol. 1, p. 3).

According to Turner, "...Cimmerians and Celts, may be regarded as our first ancestors; and from the German or Gothic nations who formed, with the Scythians, the second great flood of population into Europe, our Anglo-Saxon and Norman ancestors proceeded" (pp. 4, 21).

Turner mentions that the ancient Celtic and Cimmerian languages were the same. He also says "that the Kimmerioi of the Greeks were the Kimbroi of the Greeks, and the Cimbri of the Latin writers.... Diodorus Siculus expressly says, that to those who were called Kimmerioi, the appellation of Kimbron was applied in the process of time.... Plutarch, in his Life of Marius, also identifies the Kimbri with the Kimmerioi" (footnote, p. 28).

Turner also noted that the Keltoi (Celts) were the same people as the Galatai, and that they, in turn, were the same as the Galli (the Gauls), and that the Keltoi were "one of the branches of the Cimmerian stock" (p. 36). Of course we have proved that the Cimmerians were actually the Israel­ites, named after king Omri pronounced in the Assyrian language Bit-Humri, or Khumri.

Language of the Celts!

Even in language the ancient Celts were identified as having come from the Near East.

 In 1831, James Pritchard was one of the first to demonstrate the true relationship of the Celts in his publication Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations. A famous Bavarian historian, J.C. Zeuss (l806­I856), demonstrated conclusively the Indo-European origin of the Celtic dialects. Rediscovering old Irish manuscripts, he published a striking study in Celtic philology, called Grammatica Celtic, pub­lishing the work in 1853.

In the 18th century, historians discovered exciting proof of Phoenician-Celtic ties. An ancient Ro­man dramatist, Titus Maccius Plautus (died 184 B.C.) wrote a play, the Penulus in which he placed then current Phoenician into the speech of one of his characters. In the 18th century, linguists noticed the great similarity between that Phoenician and the early Irish Celtic language. In the adjacent box is a sample given by historian Thomas Moore's, History of Ireland, showing the connection between these languages. Leading 18th and 19th century scholars, such as Gen. Charles Vallancey, Lord Rosse, and Sir William Betham, also wrote on this subject. Vallancey, for instance, speaks of, “The great affinity found in many words, nay whole lines and sentences of this speech, between the Punic [Phoenician] and the Irish.' Famed historian, George Rawlinson, added that this and other inscrip­tions are 'READILY EXPLICABLE, IF HEBREW BE ASSUMED AS THE KEY TO THEM, BUT NOT OTHERWISE.”(Phoenicia, p. 327, emphasis added)

THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE EARLY IRISH-CELTIC AND THE SECOND CENTURY, B.C., HE­BREW- PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE, AS SHOWN BY THE PENULUS OF PLAUTUS: PHOENICIAN OF PLAUTUS:

Byth lym mo thym nociothii nel ech an ti daisc machon

Ys i do iebrim thyfe lyth chy lya chon temlyph ula.

EARLY IRISH-CELTIC:

Beth liom' mo thime nociaithe, niel ach an ti dairie mae coinne

In 1772, General Charles Vallancey, a leading Irish scholar of the day, published his famous work, Essay On The Antiquity Of The Irish Language, Being A Collation Of The Irish With The Punic (Hebrew) Language.-In his opening remarks he states, “On a collation of the Irish with the Celtic, Punic, Phoenician and Hebrew languages, the strongest affinity, (nay a perfect Identity in very many Words) will appear, it may therefore be deemed a Punic-Celtic compound.' Vallancey continues, 'from the Hebrew proceeded the Phoenician, from the Phoenician, Carthaginian, or Punic was de­rived the Aeolian, Dorian and Etruscan and from these was formed the Latin ... Of the Roman Saxon capital letters, the Irish use but three, all the others bear a very great resemblance to the primitive Hebrew and Phoenician.” (p. 2-3) Modern language scholars have confirmed that there is a definite connection between the Celtic and Hebrew.

RELIGIOUS LINK

Since it is true that Hebrews and Phoenicians migrated to Europe in large numbers in ancient times, there must be religious and cultural ties, and in fact, such connections abound. Dr Thornas Moore's, History of Ireland (p. 40), relates:

'That most common of all Celtic monuments, the Cromlech is to be found not only in most parts of Europe, but also in Asia,' including Palestine. 'Not less ancient and general among the Celtic nations, was the circle of upright stones, with either an altar or tall pillar in the centre, and, like its prototype at Gilgal [ancient Israel], serving sometimes as a temple of worship, sometimes as a place of national council or inauguration ... The rough, unhewn stone... used in their circular temples by the Druids, was the true, orthodox observance of the divine command delivered to Noah, 'If thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone'(Ex. 20:25) Dr Beauford, in Druidism Revived says, 'It is remarkable that all the ancient altars found in Ireland, and now distinguished by the name of Cromlechs or sloping stones, were originally called Bothal, or the House of God, and they seem to be of the same species as those mentioned in the Book of Genesis, called by the Hebrews, Bethel, which has the same signification as the Irish Bothal' The Bible (Judg. 9:6; 2 Ki. 1 1: 1 4; 2 Chr. 23:13) indi­cates that Hebrew kings were crowned either standing upon or next to a pillar of stone. 'The practice of seating the new king upon a stone, at his initiation, was the practice in many of the countries of Europe ... The monarchs of Sweden sat upon a stone placed in the centre of twelve lesser ones, and in a similar kind of circle the Kings of Denmark were crowned.'(Moore, ibid., p. 42) Note also the significant Bible number, 'twelve' which was common to both European Celts and the Hebrews.

The book, Identity of the Religious Druidical and Hebrew, adds, 'Circular temples ... abound in England and other parts of Europe. The most ancient account of them is to be found in the book of Exodus (24.4), "And Moses ... builded an altar under the hill and twelve pillars according to the twelve tribes." (p. 15)'. In Europe, Stonehenge, Avebury, and many other early Celtic sites were designed in a circular pattern.

Groves were also features of both Hebrew and Celtic worship. The Bible tells us that Abraham 'called on the everlasting God' (Gen. 13:4) from a grove planted by his own hand. Gideon wor­shipped God under an oak tree. (Judg. 6:19-24).

The division of time into a seven-day week was practiced by the Irish Celts, identical to the He­brews. Dr Thomas Moore comments that no other nation kept such a hebdomadal (seven day) cycle 'excepting only among the family of Abraham,' (ibid., p. 54) a remarkable proof of identity between the two peoples!

Since early times, the Israelites sinned against God by adopting many of the pagan practices of their neighbours, and so we find evidence of both Hebrew and Canaanite culture among their descendants in Europe. The ancient Baal pillar shown at left is one of many such religious monuments which have been found from the Middle East to Ireland.

There are many other examples, however, of customs linking the Celtic Druids specifically with Israel. English historian, Williain Borlase, in his Antiquities Of Cornwall (1754) presented many pages of such evidence: Druids worshipped but one God and allowed no graven images, identical to the Hebrews, and in contradistinction with almost all other ancient religions.

Consecration was by sprinkling with blood, as in the Old Testament Hebrew worship. Druid priests were clothed in white, similar to the Hebrew priest's white ephod; sacrificial victims were bled to death, and the blood was collected in basins which served to sprinkle the altars; bulls were sacrificed, and the image of a bull (the heral­dic sign of the Hebrew tribe of Ephraim) was carried into war.'While they performed their horrid rites of human sacrifice, the drums and trumpets sounded without inter­mission, that the cries of the miserable victims might not be heard.' (Compare Jer. 7:31-32, the Hebrew/Phoenician place of human sacrifice was called Tophet, meaning 'the drum'). They prayed with uplifted, hands, examined entrails for necromancy, and held the oak in veneration. The Druids used the magic wand in imitation of Moses' rod, poured libations, sacrificed upon the tops of rocks, investigated truth by lots, anointed rock pillars with oil, and marked out boundaries with stones. (pp. 104-132, 161) In these and so many other distinctive ways, the religious customs of the Celts and Hebrews bear an unmistakable resemblance! It was nothing more than Baal and Israelite worship mixed together!

Who Were the Scythians?

The ancient Scythians were a "nomadic" people who come from "the steppe from the Carpathians to the Don" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. 25, page 526).

The Historian Herodotus said that all the Scythians were called "Sacae," (Histories, book vii, p.531). As we have seen, the term "Sacae" means "Isaac," as God told Abraham: "Through Isaac shall your descendants be named" (Gen 21:12 RSV). And Jacob said to Ephraim and Manasseh: "the name of my Father Abraham and Isaac..." (Gen 48:16).Are the Scythians people Ephraim and Manasseh?

As we have seen in earlier chapters the name "Sacae" is Isaac. And when the Israelites came into the promised land, there were the "Hebrews," and the "Saga," which was the identical name on the Behistun Rock in Iran, and this meant the Scythians!

The name "House of Isaac" that was put on the two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh see Amos 7:16, was given to them by Jacob, and they bore this name ever since Jacob gave it to them. Now is there any evidence that proves that the Scythians are the peoples of Ephraim and Manasseh?

"The Scythians Tribes that were attacked were the Massagatae [Manasseh] and the Dahae...The names of these Scythians tribes indicate that they were the descendants of the Israelite tribes of Manasseh...[and the] Ephraimites from the clan of [Dahae] Tahanites [see Numbers 26:35]...the Scythian clan of the Dahanites had a major role in the origin of Parthia's independence...they were from the third major branch of the Ephraimites mentioned in Numbers 26:35...'the Tahanites...('d' and 't' are linguistically similar consonants)...it is likely that the Scythians 'Dahanites' were the 'Tahanites' of Ephraim...Since Ephraimite names predominate in Parthia's origin, and since the Massagatae were one of the foremost tribes of their Scythian kinsmen, it indicates that Ephraim and Manasseh...were the dominant tribes of the Parthians and the Scythians..." (Lost Ten Tribes...Found, pp.195, 211-212, emphasis added).

It is from the Scythians tribes that: "...the Scythians, the second great flood of the population into Europe, our Anglo-Saxon and Norman ancestors proceeded" (Turner, History of the Anglo-Saxons, pp.4, 21, emphasis added). It is from the Anglo and Mercian Saxons [Isaac son's] that became the great Company of Nations of Britain and the single Nation of the USA!

When did the Scythians arrive in the area of the Black Sea? "The Scythians did not become a recog­nizable national entity much before the eighth century B.C....By the seventh century they established themselves firmly in southern Russia...Assyrian documents [place their appearance there] in the time of King Sargon (722-705 B.C.) a date which closely corresponds with that of the establishment of the first group of Scythians in southern Russia" (Scythians Talbot Rice, pp.19-20, 44, emphasis added). This is the exact time that Israel was taken captive by Assyria!

The Scythians had many "related tribes." According to the Britannica, the Cimmerians were a "Scythian tribe," (vol.2, p.857). That's why you find the Naphtalite horde with Dan in the area of Scythia, as Collins writes: " Here we see the Israelite tribes joining together...to fight the Assyrians...(LTF, P.176) Again we see the whole house of Israel together and Ephraim and Manasseh as the leader tribes of the Sacae-Scythians.

The Scythians even wore high caps, which you see Jehu wearing on the black obelisk. Herodotus states that, "The Sacae who are Scythians have high caps tapering to a point and stiffy upright, which they wear on their heads" (Histories vii, verse 64).This is very significant, because there is also evidence that the old Phoenician empire, had the same cultural trait of the the use of the tall pointed cap. An example of the this is found from a relief in Persepolis, is shown in the Encyclopedia Ameri­cana, vol.21, "Phoenicians" p.950.

Geography of the Scyths c’ont...

This hub was once a key link to the communication and trade flowing between the Atlantic, Nordic-Baltic, eastern Black Sea and Mediterranean trading zones. It was a major gateway to all of Europe.

From the Rhine River additional arteries branched off to the east in central Europe to wind up the river valleys of the Lippe, Ruhr and Main or northward along the Weser and Elbe. Another major pathway, critical to the precious amber trade, started at the sources for amber on the Baltic Sea shore in the Jutland Peninsula and adjacent areas.

This trade route extended south across the central German plain through Bohemia to where it intersected with the Danube near modern Vienna. From there it continued down the Danube to the Greek trading posts on the shores of the Black Sea. The Black Sea was the major trading hub at the eastern end of this route.

Deep penetrating rivers like the Dniester and the Dnieper led far into Eastern Europe, where a short portage could connect a traveler or migrant with the Dvina or the Vistula rivers.

These waterways provided direct access to most of Eastern Europe and the Baltic region. The eastern branch of Scythians, residing around the Caspian Sea, also had direct access to the Baltic Sea via the Volga River. The Volga was navigable past present-day Moscow.  As Thor Heyerdahl, an ethnographer famous for his work on other ancient migration routes, has pointed out, the headwaters of the Volga are tantalizingly close to the head-waters of the Dvina, which empties into the Baltic at Riga.

In other words, both the eastern Scythians and the western Celts had the waterways of the continent-the “highways” of that day-at their disposal for trade. And they used them effectively. They were far from being a backward people limited to a simple nomadic life. (For more information be sure to read “Celts and Scythians Linked by Archaeological Discoveries,” page 29.)

Celts and Scythians freely interacted through trading and travel networks reaching from the Caspian Sea to the Atlantic Ocean

The geography of Celtic-Scythian commerce

The trading patterns of the Celts of forested Northwestern Europe and the Scythians of the eastern plains is revealing. The highways of trade and travel in antiquity were the rivers and seas. Celts and Scythians were adept at traveling the waterways. Neighboring peoples regarded the Saka Scythians who lived by the Caspian Sea as great fishermen. They were prodi-gious consumers of fish. As a result, some of them were called the Apa-saca, meaning the water Saca. To the west the Celtic Veneti tribe had become a maritime power with more than 220 large oak vessels-whose cross timbers were a foot wide and secured by iron spikes as thick as a man’s thumb. Their stronghold was in the western French peninsula of Brittany on Quiberon Bay. According to Roman sources, the Veneti traded not only along the coasts of Gaul, but for tin with Britain and Ireland. Both Celts and Scythians exhibited exceptional skill in river and naval navigation, even as early as the last half of the first millennium B.C. Both groups had been deeply involved in river and sea commerce from the beginning of their appearance on the Eurasian steppes. Archaeology and history reveal a great deal about Celtic and Scythian ethnic identity as exhibited in their trading activities and relationships. To understand the nature of their relationships we must understand certain geographical features of the steppe region. Europe is shaped like a huge peninsula. In peninsular Europe, above the Mediterranean world, is what could be called a hub, or nexus, where the headwaters of its major rivers-the Rhine, Danube, Seine and Rhone-all come close together.

Who Were The Saxons?

The English Have descended from the Early “Germanic invaders of Britain.” But exactly who are these people?

The Germans migrated to England as the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes, in decades immediately following the departure of the Roman legionnaires from Britain around 410 A.D.

In The Story of English, a 1986 companion book to the PBS television series of the same name, authors McCrum, Cran and MacNeil say, "The tribes which now threatened the Celtic chiefs of Britain were essentially Germanic.... There are, Tacitus [famed Roman historian, c. 55-120 A.D.] writes, seven tribes.... One of these seven barbarous tribes was the Angli, known to history as the Angles, who probably inhabited the area that is now known as Schleswig-Holstein [immediately south of Denmark on the Jutland Peninsula].... The speech of the Angli belonged to the Germanic family of languages" (pp. 56-58).

According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, the Angli (Angles) definitely had a close affinity with the Saxons ("Saxons," 11th ed., vol. 24). The Story of English continues, "To this day the [cultural] gap between the English on the one hand and the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish on the other, is often huge.... To the Celts, their German conquerors (Angles, Jutes and Saxons) were all Saxons" (p. 61). So historians generally agree that the Angles, Jutes and Saxons were all Saxons. But were these Saxon people of the Germanic Race? We will now see that these people were not Germanic at all, but RELATED MORE TO THE CELTS!

The "Germanic" Saxons were as Sharon Turner says, "The Saxons were a... Scythian tribe; [as we have seen are related to the Cimmerians or Kelts] and of the various Scythian nations which have been recorded, the Sakai, or Sacae, are the people from whom the descent of the Saxons may be inferred with the least violation of probability. Sakai-Suna or the Sons of Sakai, abbreviated into Saksun, which is the same sound as Saxon, seems a reasonable etymology of the word 'Saxon.' The Sakai, who in Latin are called Sacae, were an important branch of the Scythian nation. They were so celebrated, that the Persians called all the Scythians by the name of Sacae; and Pliny [the Elder, Roman historian, A.D. 23-79]... speaks of them as among the most distinguished people of Scythia (Pliny, lib. vi. c. 19). Strabo [Greek historian, c. 63 B.C.- 24 A.D.] places them eastward of the Caspian [Sea]" (p. 87)!

Most true Germans are characterized by "Alpine" round skulls Yet ethnologist Madison Grant writes, "In the study of European populations the great and fundamental fact about the British Isles is the almost total absence there today of true Alpine round skulls" (p. 137).

In a 1915 article "Are We Cousins to the Germans?" Sir Arthur Keith wrote that "the Briton and German represent contrasted and opposite types of humanity" (The Graphic, Dec. 4, p. 720). He explained, "The radical difference in the two forms leaps to the eye. In the majority of the Briton-­English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish--the hinder part of the head, the occiput, projects prominently backwards behind the line of the neck; the British head is long in comparison with its width" (p. 720).

Keith then pointed out that "in the vast majority of Germans," the back of the head is "flattened"-­indicating “a profound racial difference. Even in the sixteenth century, Vesalius, who is universally recognized as the ‘father of Anatomy,’ regarded the flat occiput as a German characteristic.... He came, rather unwillingly, to the conclusion that the vast majority of modern German people differed from the British, Dutch, Dane and Scandinavian in head form.”

"The explanation," according to Keith, "is easy. With the exodus of the Franks to France and the Anglo-Saxons to Britain in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth centuries of our era, Germany was almost denuded of her long-headed elements in her population." So the land of Germany seems to have been operating as a massive SIEVE--while the round-headed population elements were re­tained, the long-headed elements passed through. This is rather astounding! Could something like this have happened by chance alone? Surely there was something more at work here!

"For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth" (Amos 9:9). So it is clear that the Anglo-Saxons are NOT Germanic but related to the Celts, and Scandinavian people. Order our booklet Germany in Prophecy to find out the true identity of Germany.

Etymology of the word "Saxon"

It is now a well-authenticated fact that the word Saxon is derived from the Hebrew name of I-saac, together with an affix which means 'sons of.' Prof. Totten says: 'In most of the Eastern languages 'sons of' is written 'sunnia.' It is equivalent to the Scottish 'Mac' and the English and Irish 'Fitz' -MacDonald, son of Donald; Fitz Henry, son of Henry. So, in the distant home of our ancestors, Saac-Sunnia means sons of Isaac. Stambul is formed of Istanbul by dropping the prefix I, and so the Saxon is a direct descendant of our father Isaac. Dr. W. Holt Yates accepts this derivation of the Saxon name as positive, and the Rev. W.H. Poole, D.D., speaks of it as follows: 'It is a little curious to glean from the ancient nations and from the stone monuments of the early times the various forms in which this word is to be found. I will here insert a few from a list of my own gleaned from ancient history, thus: Sons of Isaac, Sons of Saac, SaacSunnia, Saac-Suna, Saac-Sena, Saac-pena, Esakska, Sacae-Amyrqui, Beth-Sakal (House of Isaac), Sunnia Sakai-Suna, Saca-Suna, Sacae-Sunnae, Sackisina, Sacka-Sacia, Saca-Cine, Saka-Suna, Sacas-Sani, Sakas-Saeni, Saxi-Suna, Sach-Suni, Sachi, Sacha, Sa-kah, Saa-chus, Saa-cus, Sa-cho, Saxo, Saxoi, Saxonia, Sax-ones, Saxae, Sach-sen, Sack-sen, Saxe-sen, Saxone, Saxony, Saxon' "("Our Race, "Judah's Scepter and Joseph's Birthright, page 294).

 Many ancient historians agree on the origins of the "Saxons" (son of Isaac): Ptolemy says the Saxans were connected with the Scythians, and were called "Sakai," and that they came from the land of the Medes!

 Pliney says, "The Sakai were among the most distinguished people of Scythia, who settled in Armenia, and were called Sacae-sani." Albinas claims that "the Saxons were descended from the ancient Sacae of Asia."

Another historian, Prideaux, says that the Cimbrians came from between the Black and Euxine (the Caspian) seas, and that with them came the Angli!

        In the book Our Scythian Ancestors, by Gawler (page 6), "The word 'Saacae' is fairly and with­out straining our imagination translatable as Isaacites."

What about the Jutes? They are part of the Saxons as well. But where did this name "Jute" come from? Remember Sennacherib took 200,000 Jews captive in an invasion of Judah, see 2 Kings 18:13, and took the fortified citites. These people were called Jews NATIONALLY, because they were part of the kingdom of Judah. Then the name got corrupted to "Jute." These people in the fortified citites as we have proved were the people of the northern kingdom of ISRAEL, primarily of Levi. Stephen Collins writes about the Jutes: "As the Saxons migrated into Europe, and the British-Isles, they were closely allied with the Jutes...The Jutes left their names (Juteland) on the Danish Penninsula...we find them closely identified with the Sacae [Ephraim and Manasseh] (who became Saxons)...one tribe retained the Indo-Scythian tern 'Jat' and became Known as the 'Jutes'''(LTTF, pp.343-344, emphasis added).

Nomadic Horsemen of the Steppes

It is helpful to note that anyone who lived in the vast region of Scythia (beyond the limits of the Greco-Roman world) was looked upon as a "Scythian"-a term which incorrectly came to be synony­mous with "barbarian" from the perspective of Greek and Roman writers. Actually, the Scythian tribes had a well-developed, though nomadic, way of life. These nomads dwelled mainly in tents or wagons. They raised some crops, but their main talent was in tending livestock: cattle, sheep, goats and especially horses!

The Scythians were acknowledged to have been the best horsemen of their day, and no cavalrymen could match their skill in fighting. In about 512 B.C., Darius the Great tried to subdue them north of the Danube River and the Black Sea, but he failed. On numerous occasions the Scythians defeated the powerful armies of their enemies--the Assyrians, Persians and Romans. In fact, it was some of the hard-riding, violence-loving Scythian tribes which later laid in the dust the might and glory of Rome!

Archaeological evidence and historical records reveal that the Scythians were fair-skinned peoples closely akin to, if not identical to, today's northwestern Europeans! In fact, archaeologists have discovered burial mounds containing the frozen bodies of Scythian chieftains and their retainers. "The chieftains were exceptionally tall and strong and... racially the Altai [a Scythian tribe] were predominantly [of] European type.... At least one man had black wavy hair and one woman a luxuri­ant soft pile of dark chestnut tresses. A silver and gilt amphora [vase] discovered in 1862 in a grave at a site called Chertomlyk, also on the Dnieper, bears in relief on its gleaming surface a group of Scythians who could be American wranglers: one is roping a shaggy-maned steed, another is remov­ing hobbles from a saddled horse.... The Budini [another Scythian tribe, were] a powerful people with bright red hair and deep blue eyes.... Sometimes the Scythians prepared a sort of haggis [a Scottish dish] by boiling the flesh of a cow in its own skin.

"They were in all respects a passionate people-bearded men with dark, deep-set eyes, weather-cured faces and long wind-snarled hair. They drank from the skulls of slain enemies and flaunted the scalps of their foes as trophies. In a time when nations had not yet developed skilled cavalrymen and relied almost entirely on foot soldiers and chariots, the Scythians came riding at the gallop, shooting fusil­lades of singing arrows from their bows.

"Herodotus also reported that the Scythians liked to get high from marijuana! 'In order to cleanse their bodies, the men make a booth by fixing in the ground three sticks inclined toward one another, and stretching around them woolen felts; inside the booth a dish is placed on the ground, into which they put a number of red-hot stones, and then add some hemp seed. Immediately it gives out such a vapor as no Greek vapor bath can exceed'" (Frank Trippet, The First Horsemen, Time-Life Books, New York, 1974, pp. 9, 18, 105-106, 112, 122). So the ancient Scythians not only looked like most of our American and British peoples (and others of northwestern European descent) today, they even appear to have passed on some of their terrible habits to our modern peoples-their descendants.

Scythians horsemen looking like the cowboys of the American west of our modern era.

Who Were The Druids?

The Druids were a caste of erudite, learned men who were regarded as the most gifted and powerful teachers, physicians, astrologers, judges, soothsayers and magicians among the peoples of pre-Christian Europe and England.

It is admitted they were "Celtic" in origin. They worshipped in groves of oak trees; erected stone monuments; altars and/or astronomical observatories (as Stonehenge is alleged to be, although it is admitted Stonehenge may have been built by pre-Druidic peoples), claimed to possess magical powers, and practiced human sacrifice.

 From the time of Pliny the elder, the term "Druid" was said to have been etymologically derived from the Greek word for "oak." Huge groves of oak trees figured prominently in their worship. They resorted to such groves for magical rites and prayers, and regarded them as sacred places.

Another etymological derivation of the name suggests it came from ancient Gaulish and Irish, and meant "very knowing," or "wise." It is used in the Irish annals as "Magi."

Though the information contained in the following lengthy quotation from Julius Caesar is consid­ered but recent in Druidic history, for they are said to have been in Gaul and Britain for as long as several hundred years before Christ, it is nevertheless significant, and is quoted by all histories and encyclopedias as a primary source:

Caesar wrote, "They attend to divine worship, perform public and private sacrifices, and expound matters of religion. A great number of youths are gathered round them for the sake of education and they enjoy the highest honor in that nation, for nearly all public and private quarrels come under their jurisdiction, and when any crime has been committed, when a murder has been perpetrated, when a controversy arises about a legacy or about landmarks, they are the judges, too. They fix rewards and punishments; and should anyone, a private individual or a public man, disobey their decrees, then they exclude him from the sacrifices. This is with them the severest punishment. The persons who are thus laid under interdict are regarded as impious and wicked people... All these Druids have one chief, who enjoys the highest authority among them...The Druids take no part in warfare; nor do they pay taxes like the rest of the people; they are exempt from military service and from all public burdens..." (Julius Caesar approx. A.D. 54).

Where did the Druids learn of this concept of a priesthood; a powerful class of leaders who were arbiters in disputes, and who practiced augury, soothsaying, magic arts, claimed the gift of prophecy, and had the power to excommunicate anyone who disobeyed their decrees? We shall see.

 "Besides being priests and teachers of religion the Druids appear also to have been adept astrologers and magicians, and were versed in the mysterious powers of animals and plants; the oak tree, the mistletoe when growing on the oak... their mysterious rites were usually performed in the depths of oak forests..." (Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 9, p.350-351).

Not so surprisingly, the Druids are linked to the "Magus" or the "Magi" of ancient history. Notice, "The Irish Druids seem to have had a peculiar tonsure. The word drui is always used to render the Latin magus, and in one passage St. Columba speaks of Christ as his Druid" (Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 8. p.598).

The Catholic Encyclopedia says, "The etymology of this word [Druid] from the Greek 'oak' has been a favorite one since the time of Pliny the Elder; according to this the Druids would be the priests of the god or gods identified with the oak" (vol. V. p.162).

Why the oak? What is significant about priests worshipping beneath groves of oak trees? And what about the claim of being "wise men," or "magi," meaning, "magicians"? The same source says, "...it is clear that there were the most striking resemblances between the Druids of Ireland and those of Gaul [France]. In both lands they appear as magicians, diviners, physicians, and teachers, and not as the representatives of a certain religion... in the earliest Christian literature of Ireland the Druids are represented as the bitterest opponents of Christianity, but even the Christians of the time seem to have believed in their supernatural power of prophecy and magic" (Ibid. vol. 5, p. 164).

Speaking of the Celts of England, the Encyclopedia Britannica says, "In religion, the chief feature was the priesthood of the Druids, who here, as in Gaul, practised magical arts and barbarous rites of human sacrifice, taught a secret lore, wielded great influence..." (vol. 4, p. 583).

How did these peoples - the mixed peoples of ancient Israelitish and Assyrian parentage who gradu­ally occupied western and northwestern Europe, Scandinavia and the British Isles, come to have a "priesthood" who worshipped in groves of oaks; who practiced magic and soothsaying, divining and prophecy, and who were exempt from taxes and military service?

Though referred to as a "priestly caste," they were not born to the office, but aspired to it because of its obvious benefits; power over the people, and money. "...Caesar's account is as follows: On those who refused to submit to their decisions [they were the judges of their societies] they had the power of inflicting severe penalties.. .as they were not an hereditary caste and enjoyed exemption from service in the field [military] as well as from payment of taxes, admission in the order was eagerly sought after by the youth of Gaul" (Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 8, p.597).

As we have seen, when Jereboam revolted against Solomon's son, Rehoboam, he turned to idolatry, changed God's annual Feast of Tabernacles into a different feast, held in the eighth month, in order to keep the northern ten-tribed Israel from making annual pilgrimages to the temple in Jerusalem. Calf worship was a natural for them, for it was commonplace among their neighbors, who wor­shipped some of the "host of heaven." The first idol Israel set up was a golden image of the calf of an ox, or representation of a Cherub, under Aaron.    At the giving of the law at Sinai, God had said, "Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Eternal spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female, the likeness of any beast that is on the earth...and lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them,... take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the Eternal your God, which He made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the Eternal thy God hath forbidden thee" (Deuteronomy 4:14-24).

 God's Word shows there are innumerable "hosts" in the spirit world, also referred to as the "host of heaven"; they include the twenty-four "elders" seen about God's throne, the cherubim and seraphim, or the "living creatures," seen by Ezekiel (Ezekiel I and 10) as well as countless angels. Only three archangels are mentioned by name in the Bible: Michael, Gabriel, and Lucifer. Lucifer was one of the original exalted archangels who became corrupted, rebelled against God, taking his one-third of the angels with him in his rebellion (Revelation 12:4-9; Luke 10:18; Isaiah 14; Ezekiel 28). He was originally called "the anointed cherub that covereth" (Ezekiel 28:14).

As we learn in Ezekiel 1 and elsewhere, each cherub had four distinct visages; each appeared as if four separate creatures. They appeared as a man, a lion, an eagle, and an ox. Everywhere in ancient mythology; in the altars, religious inscriptions, statuary and icons, and in the writings of the pagan nations of the near and middle east, one finds the worship of these four faces of the cherubim. How did it all start?

 Remember, God placed two cherubim to protect the way into the garden of Eden after Adam and Eve were expelled. For approximately one-sixth of all human history, those creatures guarded the way to the garden, frightening any who would venture too close. When the Israelites were told to decorate the tapestries of the ancient tabernacle with "cherubim," Moses was given no instructions whatsoever concerning their visage. He already knew what they looked like. How many times, over a period of one thousand long years, generation after generation from the time of Adam,

 had sojourners, wayfarers, wanderers, attempted to enter the region where the garden of Eden was being preserved? After all, we are told God did not destroy it when Adam was expelled, but pre­served it, guarded it with cherubim! It would not have been destroyed until the Noachian deluge!

An important principle to remember is that as tribal groups became scattered, more widely dis­persed, knowledge suffered! The arts, sciences, literature, knowledge; these are found only among large concentrations of peoples in civilized groups. Some ancient mythology no doubt began as true stories, told innumerable times around the evening fires of scattered peoples. How many tales are there about dragons, huge beasts, giants and the like, who guard castles on remote precipices which are filled with inestimable treasures? What about Jack and the Beanstalk; Jack and the Giant Killer, St. George and the Dragon, and so many more? Are not these but modern versions of ancient myths ­some of which may have originated with the tales of sojourners who had been turned away from the entrance to Eden by a roaring cherub, which may have appeared as a many-visaged beast, or a fire-breathing dragon?

The characterizations of these creatures are found everywhere in ancient mythology. The Sphinx of Egypt is a man-headed lion. The winged bulls on Sargon's palace walls; at the gates of ancient Assyrian and Babylonian temples and public buildings, feature the head of an Assyrian king, the body of a huge bull, the wings of an eagle, and the claws of a lion. Sometimes, the entire bull is featured, and sometimes the lion, or the eagle, or the man. Man is supreme among all creatures on earth. The lion is called the "king of beasts" and has no natural enemies save man. The eagle is the absolute king of the skies. The ox is the largest, most useful of all domesticated cattle.

Ancient Egyptian monuments show many characterizations of mythological creatures which contain two or more features of the cherubim. When Aaron made a golden calf for the Israelites to worship, he did so because he was completely familiar with the calf-worship of the Egyptians; the worship of one of the four faces of the cherubim, the ox. Even today, the worship of domestic cattle is extant in one of the most populous nations on earth, India.

When Jereboam revolted, he "...said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the House of David: if this people go up to do sacrifice in the House of the Eternal in Jerusalem then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah.

   "Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold [Oxen! A representation of cheru­bim!], and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set the one in Bethel [House of God], and the other put he in Dan [renamed by the Danites from Laish]. And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship... and he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi" (I Kings 12:26-31).

  Jereboam's "priests" were volunteers. "After this thing Jereboam returned not from his evil way, but made again the lowest of the peopIe priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places" (I Kings 13:33).

One of the most enduring of all sociological phenomena is religion! Languages may change, cus­toms, habits; people may emigrate from one place to another, but religion has a habit of enduring. Look at the ancient histories of Japan, China, India! See how their religions have endured for thou­sands of years.

 It is not in the least surprising that the ancient writers found a caste of priests holding power and influence over the earliest, pre-Christian inhabitants of northwestern Europe and the British Isles who were volunteers, and not of any specific ethnic or tribal origin; who worshipped the symbols of the bull (Taurus); whose chieftains wore the horns of a bull (many archaeological finds substantiate this - the "vikings" used such, and it was common among ancient Celts); who worshipped in "groves" (asherah); who practiced the mysterious rites of the ancient Babylonish mystery religion!

 "It is therefore not surprising that the people of Odin, the Asa, or Angles, should in their homeland in Ariana, in Asaland and also in North Germany, wear the horns of a bull as their headdress, either brazen helmets having the ears and horns of an ox or else actually wear the horns of one, as shown on pictures of Odin and his Asa or Angli" (Tracing our White Ancestors, Haberman, p.135).

  Now, what were the "high places"?

When God sent the twelve tribes of Israel into the promised land, He knew they would encounter many pagan groups, including Perizzites, Jebusites, Hivites, Hittites, Phoenicians (Philistines) and Canaanites, among others. These peoples traditionally worshipped the signs of the seasons, astro­logical phenomena, animals and birds, symbols of the "host of heaven," such as cherubim, and especially phallic symbols, and other symbols of sex, fertility, and reproduction. The Hittites burnt children to "Chemosh," and "Baal" worship was prevalent among the Canaanites.

 God warned Israel, "Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall pos­sess served their gods, upon the high mountains, [an "high place"] and upon the hills, and under every green tree [it was their custom to gather amidst "groves" of trees]: and ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars [upright columns of stone, or wood; sometimes, the trunks of trees left rooted in the ground, stripped of branches, and carved, representing phallic symbols], and burn their groves [they worshipped in oak groves!] with fire; and ye shall hew down [as in cutting down a tree trunk!] the graven images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place" (Deuter­onomy 12:2, 3).

 Jereboam built "high places." Throughout the idolatrous reigns of many kings of Israel, the issue of the "high places" was continually brought before them by God's prophets, who condemned this idolatrous practice, and, with it, the practice of worshipping in groves of trees, called "asherim." A single upright pale, or tree, was an "asherah," coming from "ashtoreth," which was "astarte" (silent "te" on the end of the word), among the Babylonians. The trappings of sex, fecundity and fertility were rife among the ancient middle-eastern peoples, and featured the symbols of the original god­dess of the Babylonish mystery religion, Simiramus (Semurammut), the mother-wife of Nimrod, founder of ancient Babylonian cities. She was "Ishtar" (astarte, ashtoreth), pronounced "Easter," to the peoples of the entire region. The origin of the yule log is wrapped up in the pagan mythology of Nimrod's death and "resurrection" characterized by a fallen tree trunk, from which, according to pagan tradition, sprang up, overnight, a little green tree - an evergreen, which symbolized the risen Nimrod. Symbols of the egg (as in the orbs, bulbs, egg-shaped ornaments on "Christmas trees") were worshipped as symbols of life. The lily was seen as a picture of the act of copulation, and revered by the pagans as a sign of reproduction.

Speaking of the many "high places" and "groves" in ancient Israel, Kitto says, "The system set up by Jereboam was partly an imitation of the national religion, partly of the idolatry of Egypt and Canaan. From this time we find the high places yet remained in use, the people still sacrificing and burning incense at them. It is said of Asa that he took away the high places [2 Chron. xiv. 5], but it appears that this reform was not successfully accomplished, at least in Israel [xv 17; I Kings vx. 14], of which he held cities [2 Chron. xv. 8; xvii. 2]. Jehosaphat, again, is said to have taken away 'the high places and the grove out of Judah' [ver. 6, comp. xix. 3]; but it seems that he was not fully success­ful, for we read in a later place that 'the high places were not taken away' [I Kings xxii. 43] (Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, Kitto, vol. II p 301, 302).

And what were the "groves"? The word in Hebrew is "asherah." Kitto says, "The word asherah and its plural [asherim] [is] rendered in the A.V. [and is] constantly mentioned with high places. At first sight the common LXX [Septuagint] rendering, followed by our version, seems to carry conviction with it, from the connection of high places with worship under the trees, and the prevelance of nature-worship in Palestine; but a closer examination shows something of the character of an image must be intended" (Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, Kitto, vol. 11, p. 302).

 Kitto also says, "It must be remembered that the grove is constantly connected with Baal" (Ibid. p.302).

The authorities connect "ashtoreth" with the "asherah," or groves of the ancient Israelites. Solomon, when he became an old man, left the worship of the true God and worshipped the gods of his many concubines and wives. God said, "For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods; and his heart was not perfect with the Eternal his God, as was the heart of David, his father.

 "For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites...then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon" (I Kings 11:4-7). And who would have been on the scene - perhaps instrumental in carrying out the instructions to the builders, the artificers, stone masons, craftsmen, and casters of metals and hewers of wood? Jereboam! Jereboam was Solomon's most loyal and trusted servant; the one to whom the northern ten tribes were given! Was it any wonder Jereboam set up high places; groves, asherah, and a low-level caste of priests who adopted the idolatrous rites of the pagans around them?

The ancient priests of the Babylonian mysteries were astrologers, as were the "Magi," like, Simon, the Magus, who tried to purchase an apostleship from Peter (Acts, 8th chapter). Ashtoreth was the "queen of heaven" mentioned in Jeremiah 7:18! Notice, "Seest thou not what they do in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead their dough, to make cakes to the queen of heaven [Simiramus, Isis], and to pour out drink offerings unto other gods, that they may provoke me to anger."

The cakes they made contained a symbol of the sun, formed by an X, like the solar wheel wor­shipped by Constantine. Among the Teutons of medieval times, these cakes were called after the symbol of "Taurus" the bull, and were called "bous," or "boun," for "bull." The word "boun" is the origin of our English word for "bun," and is seen today in "hot-cross buns," baked and eaten on the day of "Ishtar" (pronounced "Easter" today, as then), in honor of the queen of heaven, whose sym­bols were fecundity and sexuality, like rabbits, eggs, and the lily. Since the Druids believed in the immortality of the soul, it was an easy transition from Druidism to so-called "Christianity," espe­cially when the newly-arriving "Christians" in Britain and northern France observed the days of the pagan Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, such as the winter solstice (the "Brumalia" of the Romans, and "Saturnalia" of the Greeks, on December 25th), with their traditional trees, com­memorating Nimrod's "resurrection," yule logs, orbs and bulbs symbolizing eggs, and sexual repro­duction, and especially the mistletoe, which was such an important feature of Druidism; that they also worshipped on "Ishtar," at the Vernal Equinox, as a symbol of new life springing forth; baked cakes to the queen of heaven, used eggs, decorated with serpents, symbols of Taurus the bull, and in all cases observed customs familiar to the pagan Druids.

 For centuries, the peoples of the lost ten tribes had retained the pagan religion of their forbears, complete with "volunteer" priesthood, worship in groves of trees and on high places; human sacri­fice, astrological and magical rites, and the annual festivals associated with the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians.

The Druids were worshipping Ashtoreth, just as their forbears had done! Kitto says, "Ashtoreth is the name of a goddess of the Sidonians (I Kings xi. 5, 33), and also of the Philistines (1 Sam. xxxi. 10), whose worship was introduced among the Israelites during the period of the judges (Judges ii. 13; I Sam. vii. 4), was celebrated by Solomon himself (I Kings xi; 5), and was finally put down by Josiah (2 Kings xxiii. 13). [A king of Judah, long after the northern ten-tribed Israelitish nation had gone into captivity.] She is frequently mentioned in connection with Baal, as the corresponding female divinity (Judges ii. 13); and, from the addition of the words, 'and all the host of heaven,' in 2 Kings xxiii. 4 (although Asherah occurs there, and not Ashtoreth)... it is probably that she repre­sented one of the celestial bodies. There is also reason to believe that she is meant by the 'queen of heaven,' in Jer. vii. 18; xliv. 17; whose worship is there said to have been solemnized by burning incense, pouring libations, and offering cakes" (Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, vol. 1, p.242, 243, article "Ashtoreth").

 Speaking of the worship of reproduction in connection with this pagan goddess, Kitto says, "As for the power of nature, which was worshipped under the name of Ashtoreth, Creuzer and Munter assert that it was the principle of conception and parturition - that subordinate power which is fecunded by a superior influence, but which is the agent of all births throughout the universe...Ashtoreth was worshipped as the moon, and the transition from that to the planet Venus (which we will immedi­ately notice) was unquestionably an innovation of a later date. It is evident that the moon alone cannot be properly called the queen of heaven; as also that the dependent relation of the moon to the sun makes it a more appropriate symbol of that sex, whose function as female and mother, through­out the whole extent of animated nature, were embodied in Ashtoreth [BAAL].

"The rites of her worship... in part agree with the few indications in the Old Test., in part complete the brief notices there into an accordant picture. The cakes mentioned in Jer. vii. 18, which are called in Hebrew Kavvanim, were also known to the Greeks... and were made by them in the shape of a sickle, [to this day, one of the most popular French breads is the 'croissant,' or 'crescent,' keeping alive this ancient practice] in reference to the new moon... The most prominent part of her worship... consisted of those libidinous orgies, which Augustine, who was an eye witness of their horrors in Carthage, describes with such indignation... In Canaan she was probably represented as a cow. In Phoenicia she had the head of a cow or a bull, as is seen on coins. Sanchoniathon states that 'Astarte adopted the head of a bull as a symbol of her sovereignty'; he also accounts for the star (Cyclopedia of Biblical literature, Kitto, vol. 1, p.242).

        Not so strangely, the Druids of Britain retained some of the practices of the ancient Levitical priesthood. For example, they constructed altars (these are found in great abundance all over Britain, Ireland, and northwestern Europe) of unhewn stone, because according to Druidic law, no axe could touch a stone intended for an altar of sacrifice. Why? Where did this prohibition originate?

 Notice, "If thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar..." (Exodus 20:25, 26).

The best-remembered practice of the Levites was the ritual of sacrificing animals as a picture of the need for the shedding of blood to atone for sin. The Druids practiced the same thing! Remember, the ancient Passover included animal sacrifice, as well as a feast featuring bread and wine. Is it so strange that the Druids of ancient Gaul (France) and England practiced nearly identical rituals?

Study the histories of the northwestern European nations, and you will find again and again an admission of ignorance on the part of the foremost authorities as to the actual origin of the earliest waves of settlers who were called "Teutonic," or "Brythonic," or the "Belgae," the "Gauls" and the "Celts."

 Notice! "As to the origins of this stock [the earliest inhabitants of France] we are again in com­plete ignorance and it would be idle to linger upon the many conjectures of migrations of an 'Aryan race'" Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 11, p.718).

        However, again and again the admission is made of a commonality of religion! "The inhabitants of Gaul had in common from the earliest times a national character and a religion..." (Ibid. p.718).

This same authority says, of the dogmas of the Druids of ancient France, "Among these dogmas...[was] the necessity for sacrifice, and, presumably, a universal God... a sacrament of bread and wine distinguished this cult, and a ritual holiness attached to certain objects and shrines, as the mistletoe among vegetables and the Grotto of Chartres among places" (Ibid. p.718).

 Please remember that any one due as to the identity of the nations of northwestern Europe, the British Isles and the Commonwealth, and the United States of America, when isolated and studied by itself could hardly be said to be conclusive. Remember, the real trunk of the tree is God's infalli­ble promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; the promise He made to David that of his seed there would not fail one to sit upon the throne that is to be Christ's at His coming. However, when dozens of historical facts; facts from philology, ethnology, archaeology, history, and from religious history as well, form a positive picture which lead unerringly to the same conclusions, then those facts deserve careful study, not contemptuous dismissal.

The Druids wore priestly garments; the high priest wore a breastplate, exactly as did the ancient Levitical priests. After all, Jereboam's selected and volunteer priesthood was merely a counterfeit, standing in place of the Levites.

And what of the Levites who were so dispossessed? It is perfectly logical that any number of them would have striven to attain to the new, counterfeit priesthood. Jereboam wished to interdict those Levites who would insist upon the worship of the true God, Yahweh, Yaveh, or Jehovah, as His name may have been pronounced, and who would insist on worshipping on His prescribed festivals, where He had placed His name, in Jerusalem. Any of the Levites who abandoned these tenets, and who joined the ranks of the volunteers for the priesthood would have been admitted, without a doubt.

 British historians have been struck by the amazing similarity between Druidism and the rituals of the Levitical priesthood of ancient Israel. "Many other authorities have noted the resemblance be­tween the Druidic religion and that of the Old Testament. To quote Charles Hulbert, a noted British scholar: 'So near is the resemblance between the Druidic religion of Britain and the patriarchial religion of the Hebrews, that we hesitate not to pronounce their origin the same'" (Stonehenge and Druidism, E. Raymond Capt., p.75).

Religions that Came From the Lost Ten Tribes: Major Pagan religions came from the lost ten tribes of Israel throughout the years they wandered. "The astral bull of milk white hue...became the symbol...of Druidism. In the process of time the symbol, as usual, superseded in the East...Extending thence, this corruption became the religion of Mithras in Persia...of Brahma in India..." (St. Paul in Britain, p.13, by R.W. Morgan, emphasis added). The sacred cow in India is nothing more than a representation of the calves that Jeroboam set up in Israel. When the lost ten tribes were wandering among the nations, they spread across India, China, and became known as the "White Indians." In the book Comparative Mythology, the author says that Brahamanism and Druidism. are "common," and so are the Mythologies (Puhvel, p.38). Many authors found similarities between the two reli­gions. Many say that they must of had the "same source" (Celtic Mythology). Why is it that the "Caste System" in Hinduism, is based on the color of your skin? Because the first Brahmins were the 'White Indians" or Scythian-Israelites with their corrupted priest system invented by Jeroboam.

Buddhism also was an Israelite invention: "From 'The Saxons of the East and West,' with transla­tions of the Rock records in India, by Dr. Moore...I have gathered some valuable facts. In Alexan­der's time we hear of some of the Sakai [Isaac's sons] on the confines of India...The rock and pillar inscriptions of the Sakhs, who also introduced Buddhism in India...Sometimes they call themselves 'Budh' Moore points out that the Budii are mentioned by Herodotus as a Scythian people living in Media and that the Hebrew signifies "separated''' (Our Scythians Ancestors, pp.6-7, Gawler, empha­sis added). Haberman says the same: "An investigation in the origin of the Buddhist religion will show that it originated about 500 b.c. in the mountains of northern India among a people called Sakyas. The name Buddha himself is associated with that of the Sakya...Scholars believe that Bud­dhism is a survival of the early sun-cult of the Aryans" (Tracing Our Ancestors, p.126).

Zoroasterism also came from the lost ten tribes of Israel. While they were in Persia: "Hara [place of the exile] became a Scythian center and was the general region connected with the monotheistic Zroaster (Zarathustra) who was himself associated with both the Scythians and Hebrews...Talmudic

sources state that King Josiah...of Judah sent Jeremiah the prophet to bring back the lost ten tribes and that some few of them did in fact return temporarily. This is consistent with the original Hebraic message of Zoroaster and he having been taught by Jeremiah" (The Tribes, Davidy, pp.32, 56, em­phasis added).

Who Were The Parthians?

Parthia was a vast ancient empire that ruled over Asia, India, and the Caucasus Mountains, at the same time Rome ruled in the Western region of Europe and the Middle East. In fact Rome suffered many crushing defeats at the hands of Parthia when these two ancient "Superpowers" opposed one another. There is a woeful lack of knowledge in the modern world about the Parthian empire. Its almost totally ignored in history texts.

A famous 19th century historian George Rawlinson wrote two books extensively documenting the history of the Parthian empire. They were titled Parthia and the Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy. The Greco-Roman classical writers recorded a volumous amount of information about Parthia, and Rawlinson extensively cites the classical writers in the histories of the Parthians.

Who then were the Parthians? There is no record of the presence in Asia at all until the Persians refer to them in the sixth century B.C., and "there is no mention of them in the Old Testament, or in the Assyrian inscriptions, or in the Zendavesta" (Rawlinson, Parthia, p.27, emphasis added). This indi­cates that they were not present in Asia UNTIL SOMEWHAT PRIOR TO THE MIDDLE OF THE FIRST MILLENIUM B.C.They are clearly identified as having a common origin with the Scythians as Rawlinson states: "...there was a strong conviction on the part of those who came into contact with the Parthians, that they were Scythes," and adds, "...that the Scythian character of the Parthians is asserted in the strongest terms by the ancient writers: (Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy, p.20).

There is a record from Diodorus, a Greek historian of the first century B.C., that the Parthians had "passed from the dominion of the Assyrians to that of the Medes...to a similar position under the Persians" (ibid., p.26). Rawlinson also notes that early historians regarded the Parthians to be "ex­iles" (ibid., p.19). These statements are very significant. We have seen that the Israelites were exiled by the Assyrians, and that Ezra wrote that they were in the "cities of the Medes." After the fall of Assyria, it is logical that the Asian Israelites would come under the dominion of the Medes and Persians. All this evidence above supports the idea that the Parthians were in fact the "exiled" Israel­ites.

"The alphabets in use in Persia [where Parthia was], at least from the time of the Arsacid dynasty onwards, are based upon the Aramaic...The earliest records of Aramaic go back to about 800 B.C., and were found in northern Syria...Other developments of Aramaic are modern square Hebrew..." (Encyclopedia Britannica, vol.1, "Alphabet, " pp.683-684, emphasis added). The "Arsacid dynasty" was the dynasty of the Parthians. The Parthians utilized the Aramaic language (and imposed it within their empire) powerfully indicates that the Parthians originated in the region of Syria [an area the Israelites ruled in the time of Solomon] and Palestine where the Aramaic language originated. The fact that they also used a Semitic language also indicates that they were of the race of Shem, as the Israelites were. As Stephen Collins states: "...the Parthians language was related to the Hebrew language [this] also indicates that the Parthians were among the descendants of the lost ten tribes of Israel, a large mass of Semites who were transplanted into Media and other Asian regions" (LTTF, p.208).

The names of the tribes in Parthia itself indicates that they were Israelite in origin. And "given their huge population, it is logical that the Israelites would also have become known by the names of their SUBTRIBES in addition to the names of their principal tribes" (ibid., p.209, emphasis added). For example, Numbers 26:35-36 records that subtribes (or clans) of the Israelite tribe of Ephraim were named Bachrites, the Eranites, and the Tahanites. The old Seleucid province of Bactria, which grew up in conjunction with Parthia bears that name of one of the subtribes of Ephraim.

The Eranites were present in the region of ancient Persia and Parthia as well, see Ragozin, Media, pp.15-21. The name Eran survives even today in the modern name for the territory of ancient Persia; Iran. Indeed the Encyclopedia Britannica, in referring to "Eran" in its index section, simply states: "Eran see Iran" (vol.24 index section, see "Eran," p.580). The modern capital of Iran is Teheran, also preserving the name of the Ephraimite clan of Eran. This book in no way implies that the modern Iranians are Israelites as it is very clear from subsequent history that the modern Iranians are princi­pally Medo-Persian in racial origins. These names are labeled by the Israelites. It is clear that the Israelites migrated to other lands, and these names in Persia were only preserved by other races in that region today.

The Scythian clan of the Dahanites had a major role in the origin of Parthia's independence. These were the third major branch of the Ephraimite clan called "Tahanites" Numbers 26:35. "...("d" and "t" are linguistically similar consonants)..."(Collins p.211, emphasis added). All these tribes of the Parthian empire, the Bacterians, the Eranians and the Dahanites were "the backbone of Parthia's strength...[and] Ephraimite names predominate in Parthia's origin...[and] the Massagetae were one of the foremost tribes of their Scythian kinsman, [also] indicates that Ephraim and Manasseh...were the dominant tribes of the Parthians and the Scythians respectively" (ibid., pp.211-212).

As further evidence of the Israelite origins of the Parthians, some cities of Parthia were given He­brew names. One Capital was name Dara, see 1 Chron 2:3-6. Another was "Asaak." Strobo records that Alexander the Great noted a region called "Asaacanus." The Parthian province of Media Atropatene was located southwest of the Caspian Sea, and George Rawlison records "The chief city was 'Gaza''' apparently named after the old Palestinian Port. Since the Israelites were transferred to the "cities of the Medes" it is no surprise to find the Israelite names there. In the Parthian province of Hyrcania (located southeast of the Caspian Sea), we find that two major chief cities were named "Samariane" and "Carta." Both meaning "Samaria" and "Carta" meaning in the Hebrew "Kerjath," which is the same root as the old Phoenician city of "Carthage," meaning "New City." (All quotes above are from Strabo, Geography, 11, 3, 3; Gawler, p.9; Culican, Medes and Persians, p.50; Frye p.211; Britannica, vol.17, "Parthia," pp.344-345; Rawlinson Ancient History, pp.474-475; Rawlinson Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy, pp.297, 318).

Other evidences are the coins of the Parthians. "The Parthian monarchs, whose faces are shown on these coins, clearly exhibit facial features of the white race, supporting a Semitic origin for the Parthian nation...all hard evidence indicates a Semitic origin for the Parthians, debunking specula­tion that the Parthians were Mongoloid (Oriental Race)..." (Collins p.216).

Josephus the Historian in the 1st century A.D located the lost ten tribes in his time. He said that they, "...are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers, [and were located] the ten tribes beyond the river Euphrates till now..." (Antiquities of the Jews, XI, V, 2).

"At the time Josephus wrote, the Euprates river had long been a recognized border between Roman and Parthian empires. For Josephus to write ...'the ten tribes beyond the river Euphrates till now ' was another way of Saying the ten tribes were 'in Parthia...''' (Collins p.220). Josephus also wrote of the language the Parthians spoke. He originally wrote his Wars of the Jews in his native Semitic tongue so that the people of Parthia could understand what happened in the Roman-Jewish war of the first century A.D.: "I have proposed...for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books in the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country [Hebrew], and sent to the upper Barbarians...[identified in a footnote as the Parthians and 'the Jews' (separate peoples)] beyond Euphrates...'' (Perface 1-2). Note the phrase "beyond Euphrates" is again used as a euphemism to designate Parthian territory. "Upper Barbarians" Rawlinson states the following about Josephus comments: "Josephus...regarded the Parthians as familiar with the Hebrew, or Syro-Chaldaic, and wrote his history of the Jewish war in his own native tongue, before he put out his Greek version, for the benefit especially of the Parthians among whom he declares he had many readers" (Sixth Oriental Monarchy, p.424, emphasis added).

Coat of Many Colors

In the book of Genesis, we read that "...Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age, and he made him a COAT OF MANY COLORS" (Gen 37:3). Why is it that the people of the British Isles, the Celts throughout all of their history, and the Scythians, and Scottish people have plaid coats and Tartans, and have worn them for centuries?

BSJ Isserlin in his book "The Israelites," notes that the ancient Israelites in the promise land wore kilts: "Representation of the king and high ranking officials...their dress maybe long or short tunics or KILTS..." (p.98, emphasis added). (note, same page shows a woodcut with the Israelites wearing plaid kilts).

J.H. Allen writes: "A souvenir of the coat of many colors which Jacob made for Joseph is still found in the many colored plaid, as worn by the Scottish Highlanders, not only at home, but by Highlander societies, which exists in nearly every large Anglo-Saxon city. The use of this vari-colored plaid, and the custom of wearing it, can be traced as far back as the Scottish people have any history...(Judah's Scepter, p.314). The word "Scot" traced back means "...Scots, Scythians, or Skuthai...appear to be synonymous terms..." (Gawler, Our Scythian Ancestors, p.9). As we know the Scythians consist of Ephraim and Manasseh, the Sons of Joseph who continued the custom of wearing the Coat of many colors!

In a new book called The Mummies Of Urumchi, by Elizabeth Wayland Barber, she discovered that these people, have close links with the Celts, based on the "tartan" appearance of the clothes buried with the mummies. These people were not Oriental in Race but had "blond hair and Blue eyes." There were of Caucasian descent, proof that the Celtic-Scythian people used the the coat of many colors

Bag Pipes in the Bible

"In 2 Chronicles 5:12 several music instruments are mentioned: 1. cymbals, 2. psalteries, and 3. harps. We know what symbols and harps are. But what about PSALTERIES? Strong's Concordance gives the number 5035 for PSALTERY.

"The definition is: 'nebel; a SKIN BAG for liquids (from collapsing when empty); hence a vase (as similar in shape when full); also a lyre (as having a body of like form): -bottle, pitcher, psaltery, vessel, viol." Bagpipes are played mainly in SCOTLAND today" (The United States and the British Empire Foretold in the Bible, Harold Hemenway, p.6, emphasis his).

"And David and all the house of Israel played before YHWH on all manner of instruments made of fir wood, even on harps, and on psalteries [BAGPIPES], and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cymbals."(2 Samuel 6:4).

The Berith Ish (Covenant People)

The Most interesting fact, is the Hebrew meaning for the British People. The House of Israel are the "Covenant people." The Hebrew word for Covenant is "Berith," and the Hebrew word for Man is "Iysh," or "Ish." Together we get "British." The "British" are the "People of the Covenant!"

We read in the Bible about Israel in Isaiah 49:8, "...I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people...(a Brit-am in Hebrew)." A "Covenant of the People" has a similar meaning to the Commonwealth of Britain, or the Commonwealth of Nations of the British Empire, and also the concept of a "people of the Covenant," in North American thought. On the British side, the name for Britain herself in the old documents was sometimes rendered by the English as "Britannia.!" Stephen Collins writes about the B-R-T People: "...the Hebrew word for 'Covenant,' (B-R-T or B-R­TH) was commonly used wherever the empire of Israel was dominant. The Hebrew word formed the basis for the regions colonized by Israel ('Briton,' 'Brittany') or for the migrating groups of Israelites ('Brythonic Celts'). We have seen that the Phoenician Hebrew empire and Carthage placed the He­brew word 'B-R-T' on their coins.

"In his book Phoenician Origins of Britons and Scots, L.A. Waddell points out that the 'Phoenicians' interchanged the B's and the P's in various forms of the word B-R-T. He lists many ancient forms in which the root word B-R-T was expressed. Words such as 'Barat,' 'Prat,' 'Britannia,' and 'Piritum' are just a few samples of the words based on the Hebrew for 'Covenant.' The Ancient British Chronicles record that the first king of Briton was named Brutus [ancestor of the kings of Troy], whose name was also formed by the B-R-T consonants of the Hebrew word for 'Covenant.' Waddell notes that the Phoenicians interchanged B's and P's in the Mediterranean world, and adds that the Phoenicians of Cilicia called the city of Tarsus 'Parenthia.' The Greeks also interchanged P's and B's, as the Greek explorer Pytheas referred to the British Isles by the term 'Pretanic' (using P) while Aristotle refers to them by the word 'Britannic' (using B).

"The interchangeability of the P's and B's in the ancient world has also been noted by the modern epigrapher, Dr. Barry Fell. He gives the name 'P-Celts' to a group of Celts who use P and B inter­changeably. These P Celts were the 'Brythonic' Celts and the gave birth to Breton, Welsh and Cor­nish languages, as well as the ancient 'Gaulish Languages of Central and Eastern Europe.

“Israelites: The ‘Covenant People’

Hebrew word for 'Covenant' without Vowels: B-R-T, B-R-TH with Vowels: BERITH, BARAT, BRYTH, BRIT, B'RITH, ETC...

Tribal/Place Names Associated with the Migrating Israelites" BRITON, BRETON, BRITANNY, BRYTHONIC CELTS ETC...

Place Name Greek Name Britannic Isles Pretannic Isles Brithia or B'rithia Parthia

(The Lost Ten Tribes ...Found, pp.217-219). Also the word "Britain" means "Land of the Covenant."

Language says it all

It may come as a surprise to learn that the Britannica reports, "For many centuries the affinities of the Celtic languages were subject of great dispute. The languages in turn regarded as descened from Hebrew, Teutonic and Scythian" (Celt" 11th Edition, emphasis added). "Hebrew?" How could that be possible?

Samuel Lysons says, "Thus I purpose to show in the course of these pages, when we come to the relics of British worship remaining in this counrty...the remarkable similarity between those names and the Hebrew and Chaldee languages. The same theory holds good in the names of some of our Old British Families" (p.21). Continuing he writes: "Now, whatever may be the historical value of the Welsh poems, it is undoubted that Taliesin (renowned 6th century poet] in his Angar Cyfyndawad, says that his lore had been 'declared Hebrew, in Hebraic''' (Our British Ances­tors, p.22, emphasis added). Isn't that Amazing!

Lyson isn't the only one who can prove this. Robert Owen writes: "Most Welsh scholars have em­ployed their time on the production of grammars and dictionaries. The Hebrew learning of Dr. John Davioes of Malllwyd seems to have influenced his countrymen to accept the Puritan atavism [resem­blance to remote ancestors] to referring Welsh to the language of Moses [Hebrew as its fountain]" (p.vi, emphasis added).

What about the Scythians? Isn't their language related somehow. The Scyths spoke Scythiac, which is classified thus: "Scythiac...Scythian [language]...there is a strong similarity between Hebrew and the Scythian languages" ("Scythaic," New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1971, vol., emphasis added). Then why isn't the english language through the Anglo-Saxons-like Hebrew? Undoubtedly, as the Scythians got "sifted through " the true German peoples, they must have adopted mush of the early Germanic language-from which modern English Descended. Still, it is truly remarkable that the Celtic and Scythian languages were both tied to Hebrew! Isn't it becoming more and more clear who these people were?

In his authoritative 1913 work, Scythians and Greeks, Ellis H. Minns wrote of the "Scythians.... Next in importance to their horses came the cattle used for drawing their great waggons.... They had sheep as well, for mutton bones are found in cauldrons in the tombs, as for example at Kul Oba. They made no use of pigs either in sacrifice or any other way.... [and] regarded swine as tabu" (p. 49). Where did this prohibition against eating pork originate? Could it have been from the Hebrew Bi­ble? Leviticus 11:7-8 says, "And the swine... is unclean to you. Their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch" (cf. Deut. 14:8). As is commonly known, the Orthodox Jews of today still strictly observe this dietary principle.

Robert Owen relates another interesting detail: "Some of their Celtic traditions resemble Semitic records of antediluvian patriarchs" (p. 33). This historian then shows that, like the Israelites of old (2 Kings 21:1-5), the ancient Britons worshipped "Baal, the sun, and the hosts of heaven.... Our British ancestors were devoted to that kind of worship which they brought with them from the East, whence they came at a very early period, even close upon the Patriarchal times of Holy Writ" (pp. 93-94).

Sharon Turner noted the following remarkable practice of the ancient Britons: "The Kimbri swore by a brazen bull, which they carried with them" (p. 34). This fact is a grim reminder of the idolatrous "calf worship" which Jeroboam (first king of the Ten Tribes of Israel) introduced into the Northern Kingdom. Where, then, is all of this leading us?

Examples of Hebrew in Welsh

A writer who signed his name "Glas" submitted a list of Welsh words with Hebrew origins  in 1832. The writer remarked that,"But the best proof of the Eastern descent of the ancient British is the close resemblance and connection existing between the Welsh and Hebrew languages, even at this day. As a proof of this we have extracted the following vocabulary of words in both tongues, so closely resembling each other in sound and sense as to leave no doubt whatever on the subject. Many of these words, it will be found, have been transmitted from the Welsh, through the Anglo-Saxon into our modern English. It would be easy to swell their number..

Some of the examples adduced by the above writer were:

Aeth: He went, he is gone; hence = Athah Aml: Plentiful, ample = Hamale ((äîìà Ydom: the earth = Adamah Awye: air, sky = auor, or bu: it came to pass = bo boten, or potten : belly = beten.

In 1675 Charles Edwards ("Hanes y Fydd") published A number of Welsh Cambro-Brittanic Hebraisms in which he shows that whole phrases in Welsh can be closely paralleled by whole phrases in Hebrew.

From the list of Charles Edwards, L.G.A. Roberts (1919)  made a selection and we have selected examples from Roberts after slightly modernising the Hebrew transliterations: It should be noted that when account is taken for likely and known dialectical changes of pronounciation the examples given in effect show identical Welsh parallel phrases for the Hebrew original.

In Welsh: Gael hedd (Gen.31;47) meaning Geledd i.e. heap of testimony= in Hebrew (âìòã) : Galaed.

In Welsh: Bagad  meaning "A troop cometh ý" (Gen.30;11) = in Hebrew  ( : (áâãBagad.

In Welsh : Anudon meaning "Without God" =  in Hebrew (àéï àãåï) : Aen Adon.

In Welsh : Yni all sy dda  meaning "I am the Almighty God" (Gen. 17;1) = in Hebrew: ((àðé àì ùãé : Ani El Saddai.

In Welsh : Llai iachu yngwyddd achau ni meaning "Let him not live before our brethren" (Gen. 31;32) = in Hebrew ( ìà éçéä ðâã àçéðå ) Loa yichei neged acheinu (Gen.31;32).

In Welsh: Yngan Job yscoli yscoli cynghaws i (Job 6;1,2) meaning "Job answered, O that my grief were thoroughly weighed" = in Hebrew: (åéòï àéåá...ù÷åì éù÷ì ëòùé) Veya(g)n Eyub ....shocol  yishocal ca(g)si

In Welsh: Amelhau bytheu chwi a bythau holl ufyddau chwi  meaning "And they shall fill your house and the houses of all your servants" (Gen. 10;6) = in Hebrew (åîìàå áúéê åáúé ëì òáãéê) : Umalu bathechoh and bathei col avedochoh.

In Welsh Iachadd ni meaning "Thou hast healed me" = in Hebrew ( (äçéúðé  : hechiyatni.

The affinity between Hebrew and Welsh was mentioned by a certain Dr. Davies  (amongst others) and in the preface to his Welsh Grammar  there was a poem to the effect that:

The Rev. Eliezer Williams (b.1754) wrote several works on the Celts and made several remarks (quoted by Roberts p.23):

"In the Hebrew...which the ancient British language greatly resembles... "The roots of most of the ancient British, or real Welsh, words may be regularly traced in the Hebrew.. "Scarcely a Hebrew root can be discovered that has not its corresponding derivative in the ancient British language...But not only..the words...their variations and inflections afford a much stronger proof of affinity...The plural number of nouns  likewise is often formed in a similar manner in the Celtic by adding in (a contraction of éí: i.e.-IM which is the suffix used in Hebrew to form the masculine plural)...in the formation of sentences, and in the government of words...the same syntax might serve for both.....

It follows from all the above that though the language of the British Celts may have superficially conformed to an Indo-European type it had enough Semitic and Hebraic features to confirm the notion that Hebrew had been their original tongue. This explanation fits best all of the facts in our possession taken from all disciplines concerned with the subject.

Location of Modern Israel

In this section we will see from the pages of your bible, the location of the modern-day birthright holders, Israel. In Isaiah chapters 40-49, 51, we see Israel located in the "ISLES OF THE SEA," and the "ENDS OF THE EARTH." Israel is located "North, South, East and West of Palestine as God promised Jacob, "spread abroad" all over the earth. In Deut 33:17 we read of Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) "...push [Hebrew meaning, "govern," "conquer"] the people together to the ENDS OF THE EARTH..."

Now to understand in Isaiah chapters 40-49, who God is specifically talking to- Isaiah 49:20 gives us a clue to which tribes God is referring. We read that Israel says to God a SECOND TIME: "The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell." When was the first time, that Israel said this to God?

Notice Joshua 17:14: "And the children of Joseph spake unto Joshua, saying, Why hast thou given me but one lot and one portion to inherit, seeing I am a great people, forasmuch as the LORD hath blessed me hitherto?" Notice that this is specifically speaking of Ephraim and Manasseh, the ones who inherited the name "Israel." So these prophecies in Isaiah 40-49, are specifically to Ephraim and Manasseh.

One more point to make before we go on to these prophecies. The "Isles of the Sea" in these prophe­cies of Isaiah do not mean the Mediterranean Sea! These are "OCEANIC ISLES," as Yair Davidy Explains: "The Aramaic Paraphrase explains that the 'Isles' mentioned are those in the 'Oceanic Sea' meaning those of the Atlantic Ocean according to Talmudic commentators...the 'ISLES' mentioned...are presumably those of Britain, America, and the coastline of Northwestern Europe..." (The Tribes, Yair Davidy, p.422). The Commentary on the Whole Bible by JFB, says: "[The] Islands are distant lands Universal in Nature" (p.940, emphasis added). So here we have evidence that these people called Israel in Isaiah's prophecies of chapters 40-49, are of the Children of Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh. That these "Isles of the Sea" are the Islands and coastlands of the Ocean, Britain and America!

"Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God?

" Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding. "But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

"Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near together to judgment [v.27 to Israel]" (Isaiah 40:27-28, 31; 41:1). Notice how Israel complained to God because of the Judgment that had come to them by the Assyrians. God responds to them and says "let the people renew their strength." To renew the strength of a nation, they must have LOST IT IN THE PAST! Notice as well God is addressing the ISLANDS which are in the OCEAN!

"But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend. " Thou whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and called thee from the chief men [margin says "farthest regions] thereof, and said unto thee, Thou art my servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away...Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel" (Isa 41:8-9, 14). Israel is located in the farthest regions of the Earth. God also calls himself the "Creator of the ends of the earth," in which God also calls himself the "Creator of Israel, your King" (Isa 43:15).

"But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine....For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour:...Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west;

"I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth;

" Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him" (Isa 43:1, 3, 5-7). Is there any doubt in your mind that God says that Ephraim and Manasseh is located all over the world?

"For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me...That they may know from the rising of the sun, [east] and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else...Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are escaped of the nations: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image, and pray unto a god that cannot save...Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else...In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory" (Isa 45:4, 6, 20, 22, 25). God is telling Israel that the heathen that dwell in their lands don't know God, and to keep away from their idol worship. Israel was to look to Jesus Christ as their salvation, and that through Jesus blood is Israel justified, Romans 3:24. And Jesus is the Saviour of Israel, see Acts 5:31.

Now we get to Isaiah 49. This chapter shows exactly where Israel is located. One thing however must be explained in this chapter. Halley's Bible Handbook says that "...the passages in Isaiah 49 are well blended with both the Messiah and Israel AS THE 'SERVANT' in proper context" (p.303, emphasis added). As we have read earlier, the "Servant" was the "seed," the "men," the "daughters," and the "sons," of Israel. But in addition to this chapter is the Messiah Jesus Christ. In proper context we must remember who is in the "isles," and who is "from a far."

" Listen, O isles, unto me [The Messiah]; and hearken, ye people, from far;...And said unto me [the Messiah see v.2], Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I [the Messiah] will be glorified." (Isa 49:1, 3). The Ferrar Fenton Translates this verse “...to call Israel My friend, and by whom I am Honored.” In this context, this verse the translators could have added the word “That” before the “Thou.” The translators did this to clear up some passages, and use Italic which you see in your bibles. So it would read in the King James text, “THAT Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I [the Messiah] will be glorified." Because of the Ferrar Fenton Translation of the text, this seems to be a correct rendering of the text.

The Messiah was to be glorified in Israel. Notice the Messiah calls Israel his "friend" and he is addressing the "islands" of the sea. The British and Americans have the greatest Christian heritage. With the great power that God gave our peoples, other nations can see that the CHRISTIAN NATIONS are the most powerful nations on earth. Our global power glorifies Jesus Christ! When we were more Christian than now, nationally, we were the most prosperous with the most freedoms, and the most healthy people on earth! We were to be an example to the other nations of the world. The British during their colonization of the world even noticed that their religion was more superior than the other religions of the world. They civilized many gentile people. These people were practicing cannibalism, human sacrifice, self mutilation, the brutal treatment of women etc...The British taught them, and the British nationally believed, and they were right, for Israel was God's servant nation to the world, as God says "My Servant," that it was their duty, that they and their empire was chosen by God to be a vessel, and instrument in which God worked!

The British gave the Heathen the Christian way of life instead, and these people became prosperous, and worshipping the true God. The British people established the Ten Commandments as the foun­dation of law all over the commonwealth. In other words JESUS WAS GLORIFIED IN ISRAEL. For an historical perspective on the origins of our Christian heritage, see God's Covenant people, pp.284­292, by Ted Weiland. What an amazing fulfillment of prophecy.

"And now, saith the LORD that formed me from the womb to be his servant [verse 2, the Messiah], to bring Jacob again to him, Though Israel be not gathered, yet shall I be glorious in the eyes of the LORD, and my God shall be my strength.

"And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth" (vv.5-6). With the colonization of the British, and America, to the "ends of the earth," the gentiles through Israel, would have a chance to know the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

Verses 5 and 6 also show that the Servant Messiah was to bring Israel back again to God. Jesus explained this in his mission, when he said, "I Am not sent, but unto the LOST SHEEP OF THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL" (Matthew 15:24). He told his disciples to go "not in the way of the gentiles," but to go to the "LOST SHEEP OF THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL" (Matthew 10:5-6). The Messiah, through his ministry was to bring Jacob back to God, and raise them up to be the greatest Christian nations in the world. As British Minister C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892), once said, "I judge that God has blessed the two great nations of the Anglo-Saxon race-England and America-and given them pre-eminence [so that]...they may spread abroad the knowledge of the glory of God" (Treasury of the Old Testament, vol.2., p.145, emphasis added).

How true, the Anglo-Saxon nations have sent hundreds of millions of bibles, in virtually every tongue, into all nations. These people were not chosen for favoritism-but for SERVICE towards the other nations of the world. We are GOD'S SERVANT NATION!

"In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages;" (V.8) Who inherited the desolate places of the Earth? Britain and America, or Israel! As Weiland says, "...North America was only inhabited by wandering tribes, who took no thought of the natural riches of the soil, and the vast country was still, properly speaking, and EMPTY CONTINENT, A DESERT LAND, awaiting its inhabitants" (Author quotes Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, vol.1, p.295, emphasis added).

"In his book Attestation to this Church History of New England, John Higginson also depicted America as an empty wilderness...[they, the people of England] transport[ed] themselves, and families, over the ocean sea, into a desert land in America...a wilderness was subdued before them...(ibid., p.162, empha­sis his).

"A Covenant of the people" in this verse "has a similar meaning to [the] Commonwealth of Britain, or Commonwealth of Nations of the British Empire and also to the concept of the Peoples' Covenant in North American thought" (The Tribes, Davidy, p.413). The words in Hebrew means Brit-am, or Britammia, which means a "...moderating and civilizing influence on humanity; to be a covenant of people which could mean a 'Commonwealth,' a Britamia''' (ibid., p.415). They civilized the globe through their Britammia, or Commonwealth, and "established the earth" (v.8) with the Ten Commandments as the Common law in our Commonwealth. What a great gift and responsibility God has given his people Israel, to "push [Govern] the peoples to the ends of the earth" (Deut 33:17).

Still in the Context of Israel Isaiah writes: "Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim." (v.12).  Where is Sinim? The Net Bible says: “...the north and west are mentioned in the previous line, it was a probably located in the distant east or south." (net bible.com). The Ferrar Fenton translates "North and the West to "NorthWest." J.H Allen makes the same conclusion in his book Judah's Sceptre. So if the Sinim is directly OPPOSITE of the "Northwest" Isles, then Sinim must by A "SOUTHEAST" ISLE! What huge OCEANIC ISLE Do you come to directly "SouthEast" of Palestine? AUSTRALIA! The Vulgate by Jerome, translates this word "Sinim" to "Australi." According to Rashi (Jewish Commen­tator) and the Aramaic translation of verse 12, is the "land of the south," or "Southland." The land farthest away and furthest south from Israel is Australia!  see also Yair Davidy, p.414.

Now archaeology has confirmed that Australia means "Sinim". In his book Ancient and Mysterious Discoveries in Australia by Gilbert Deem, he writes about Phoenician Egyptian discoveries in Queensland Australia, and says: "'near Toowoomba, a group of seventeen granite stones were found with Phoenician inscriptions. One has been translated to read "Guard the shrine of Yahweh's message"and "God of Gods". Another inscription reads "Assemble here to worship the sun". Mr. Gilroy has an ironstone slab found by a man from Cooktown in Far North Queensland years ago, which bears a Phoenician inscription, "The Eye of Ra the sun rules Sinim". Sinim was the ancient Hebrew name for a mysterious southern continent, mentioned in the Old Testament. The Phoenician name for it was Ofir, a "great south land of gold", where gold was obtained to build Solomon's temple. The Egyptians called it "the land of Punt". A large ironstone slab in Mr. Gilroy's museum at Tamworth, was unearthed by a Rockhampton area farmer some years ago, and bears another Phoenician inscription that reads:"Ships sail from this land under the protection of Yahweh to Dan." Mr. Gilroy says that it "may very well be that minerals and precious stones from Australia passed through Dan at that time". He points out that "black opals found in archaeological digs in Egypt, could only have come from Australia".'

 

Here are some more scriptures that show where Israel is in the end time.

"Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest for a light of the people.

 "My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust."

(Isaiah 51:4-5). God only calls Israel "my people," "my nation," and no one else. The "Arm of YHWH" is Jesus Christ, see Isaiah 53. Again this shows that the Islands where Israel dwells will become Christian Nations.

"Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither. " They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn. " Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock" (Jeremiah 31:7-10).

What nations do you know, that dwell in the Oceanic Islands of the Sea and are the "CHIEF OF THE NATIONS" OF THE WORLD? The United States and the British Commonwealth!

"to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee" (Daniel 9:7).

"And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

" And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth" (Isaiah 11:11-12). This prophecy is clearly at the second coming of Christ, see Verse One. Notice God gathers Israel the "second time"

This means that Israel did not return with the Jews to Palestine in the days of Ezra, or else this would read the "Third time."

The North Country

Another indication to the location of Israel is the "north Country" that God says his people are.

Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither.

" They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.

" Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock" (Jeremiah 31:7-10). "...Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say, Return, thou backsliding Israel, saith the LORD... In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I have given for an inheritance unto your fa­thers." (Jer 3:12,18).

Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;

"But, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again into their land that I gave unto their fathers" (Jer 16:14-15).

Israel in the West- “How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, Israel?...the children shall tremble from the west” (Hosea 11:8, 10).

" Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind:" (Hosea 12:1) Wind from the East blows West! God always intended to move Israel. He did not want Abraham and his seed to just inherit Palestine alone, but the whole world, "For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith" (Rom 4:13).

While Israel was in the promised land God told them that he would relocate them: "Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime," (2 Sam 7:10). God will not allow us to be moved anymore if we keep his law and have faith in Jesus Christ, see 2 Chronicles 7:19.

Waste Heritages

The Brit-Am of Isaiah is related to the "inheritance of the waste heritages" (Isaiah 49:8)., and to the establishment of the land together with the "freeing of the prisoners" (Isaiah 49:9). When Britain began to colonize America, she sent prisoners to serve their sentence there, at the end of which, they received lands and became settlers. After the American revolution, the same system was applied to Australia. Both North America and Australia were very much under populated and could have been termed "waste Heritages." The prisoners sent to Australia were let out of ship hulks, literally release from "darkness" (Isaiah 49:9). (Quotes taken from Yair Davidy, The Tribes, pp.412-414).

Colonization

In Isaiah we also read of the colonization of the empire of Britain. It also shows that God is leading them every step of the way.

"Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help thee, saith the LORD, and thy re­deemer, the Holy One of Israel.

" Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff." (Isaiah 41:14-15). God made a brand new thing in the earth, a Commonwealth of People, and a Great Nation, and no one was going to stop it!

"Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof... Let them give glory unto the LORD, and declare his praise in the islands" (Isaiah 42-10, 12). Notice colonization is done by the sea. The British Navy was the most powerful in the world. By course of Ships, the Mayflower etc..., the British and the Americans colonized the world.

"And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them." (42:16). Who are these blind people that God is talking about? "Who is blind, but my servant?" (v.19) Who is God's servant? This cannot mean the Messiah, be­cause Jesus came to reveal and give sight to the blind, see Isaiah 60:1; Luke 4:18. This can only mean the servant nation Israel going to the "unknown" places of the earth, exploring and colonizing the globe, "blind," for they "did not know" what laid ahead of them. Vine's Expository Dictionary says: "Israel was the blind and deaf 'Servant' (p.225, emphasis added).

But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine.

"When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee...I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King....Thus saith the LORD, which maketh a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters;...Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert....The beast of the field shall honour me, the dragons and the owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen." (Isaiah 43:1-2, 15-16, 19-20). This is a perfect description of the British and Americans going to their birth­right lands. In the Magnalia Christi, or the Ecclesiastical History of New England, 1620-1698, Pastor Cotton Mather, in writing of the dangers facing the Puritans seeking asylum beyond the seas, pic­tured America as a desert wilderness "...to leave all the pleasant accommodations of their native country, and go over a terrible ocean (Mighty Waters), into a terrible desert..." (vol.1, p.69)

And what about turning the wilderness into a fruitful land in this prophecy? Wilmot Robertson writes: "A craving for poverty...in the form of land, was an obsession of the majority [of] pioneers and settlers who transformed the American wilderness into the richest granary on earth" (The Dis­possessed Majority, p.344, emphasis added).

Another quote from Pastor Strong about the amazing capabilities of the Christian Nations: "A Chris­tian Civilization [Britain and America] performs the miracle of the loaves and fish, and feeds thou­sands in a desert" (Ruoff, p.277, emphasis added).

"Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: "Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen.

" For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring:

" And they shall spring up as among the grass, as willows by the water courses." (Isaiah 44:1-4). History shows the rapid expansion of the British and American empires and the growth of Popula­tion of these people, as "springing forth" as willows.

The Land of America in the Bible

The Bible also locates and describes the land of the United States. In Isaiah 18, this scripture identi­fies the United States of America. This scripture has been grossly misunderstood by the mainstream. Many believe that its talking about Ethiopia, this assumption is false as we examine the scripture carefully.

As we go into Isaiah 18 in full detail, I will give you some quotes from the book Our Great Seal, by Raymond Capt. Capt says that, "...chapter 18 is one of the most inaccurate, awkward and indefinite translations of the Old Testament" (p.71, emphasis added). Capt makes a very clear and careful translation of the text. I will insert Capt's correct translation with the King James to show you the translation mistakes, then I will quote to you the reasons why these mistakes were made. "Woe [all Hail] to the land shadowing with wings, [outstretched wings] which is beyond [West] the rivers of Ethiopia:

" That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, [water drinking vessels] saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, [tall and smoothed skin] to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, [measured out under the treading] whose land the rivers have spoiled! [whose land is quartered by rivers]

" All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountains; and when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye" (vv.1-3).Here is Raymond Capt's assess­ment of these verses, and the obvious conclusion that this is the U.S.A. EXCLUSIVELY!

"The Hebrew word 'hoi erets' with which chapter 18 opens, is a mistranslation. It is not and exclama­tion of 'woe' but hailing for attention, i.e., ...'All Hail.' It is the same word used in the same sense in the 55th chapter of Isaiah.

In the first verse we find two words which identify the land in question. Since the chapter is not addressed to any land by name, while other chapters are specifically addressed, we can conclude the land in question to be a land unknown to Isaiah's time and general territory. This land will be 'beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.' The rivers referred to, would be the Nile and its tributaries. However the word 'Beyond' in Hebrew means 'West.' When we look today, at a map, the top is North, the bottom is South, the right is East, and the left is West. Not so in biblical times. The Hebrews faced the sunrise. They looked Eastward, 'Before' meant the East, and 'Behind' or 'Beyond' meant the West...

"The second identification...is the expression 'shadowing with wings' which may be rendered 'over shadowing with wings' or 'outstretched' (wings). Several inferences can be drawn from this expres­sion 1) It referred to the geographical conformation of the new Continent; for a large map of North and South America very much resembles the expanded wings of a great eagle

2) It is suggestive of the fact that is was a country shadowed or concealed till God was ready for its discovery.

3) It foretold the 'spread eagle' of Americanism...

"...the ambassadors are sent 'by sea.' The word 'ambassadors' meant men who travel for business for the government...For over 150 years all our ambassadors went by water to Europe, Australia etc... [The vessels that they traveled in] when the King James translators (1611) came to a Hebrew com­pound word 'water drinking vessels,' they had no idea what is meant so they looked around for something that grew out of water and guessed ‘bulrushes, cattails, flags etc...’ hence the word ‘ves­sels of Bulrushes...’ [the] 'vessels drink' is a perfect description of our modern-day steam ships, which was not even dreamed of in Isaiah's time or perceived by the King James translators. But the words 'water drinking vessels upon the waters' is a picture of Ocean liners, pumping up water, distilling it, turning it into steam to propel its crew, passengers, and cargo into the lands.

"The word 'scattered' is from the Hebrew 'mashak' meaning 'draw out' or 'tall.' The word 'peeled' is from the Hebrew 'marat' meaning to 'pluck off hair' or 'smooth shaven.' Best Translation is 'Tall and clean shaven' [obvious picture of Caucasian people of America. Jacob himself even called himself a "smooth man" Gen 27:11].

"The word 'meted out' is from the Hebrew 'qav-qav' meaning ‘line-line.’ 'Treadeth down' is from the Hebrew 'Mebusoh' which may be rendered 'trodden under foot.' Putting them together, a literal translation would be a land 'measured out under the treading.'-that is a land measured out by lines under feet. This is descriptive of our process of surveying, which began in 1800 and in which our land is literally a checkerboard of section. These sections are subdivided into quarter sections of half mile squares. No nation was ever so 'meted out' in blocks before...[other nations] make their lands by local boundaries.

"The revised version Translates verse 2 'whose land the rivers divide'...the word 'spoiled' is from the Hebrew 'baza' meaning 'to cleave,' a term used in ritual sacrifice where an animal is hung up and divided into 4 quarters. The word should render literally 'quartered.' An examination of all the na­tions of the world shows only one. The United States, that is QUARTERED BY RIVERS....[By] the Mississippi...Columbia...Snake...and Ohio Rivers. One cannot find any other land on earth divided, this by four sections...

"In this prophetic third verse...[if] America declared war, most of the nations of the world 'took heed' and became involved. In each case our nation took leadership [and still continues today] in making terms and regulations for managing and adjusting the varied claim nations" (Our Great Seal, pp.71­76, emphasis added). Isaiah 18 describes the United States perfectly. Also in Zephaniah 3:10-20 it describes a people "beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" and are called by God the "daughter of my dis­persed," meaning the House of Israel, see Ezekiel 36:17-19; John 7:35!

Map of the United States Notice the Great Rivers that divides the country in Quarters. Notice in Florida, the Bird's Head. And from Texas to New York State, its in the shape of "Out Stretched Wings."

Identification of Britain as Ephraim and America as Manasseh

Is there evidence that Britain is Ephraim and America is Manasseh? Can we determine through secular history, that the Blessings that God gave to Ephraim and Manasseh, are not just plain co­incidences, and that God blessed these peoples with the Biblical blessings because they are in fact the direct descendants of Jacob-Israel, who passed these down to Ephraim and Manasseh, who are the Children of Joseph?

God promised "a Nation and A Company of Nations shall be of thee" (Gen 35:10-11). Israel-Jacob gave the blessing of the "Company of Nations" to Ephraim, and the single "Great Nation" to Manasseh, see Gen 48:19.

Is Ephraim Britain? Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc... and other protectorates and Colonies form a plurality of independent, sovereign nations-each possessing its own Parliaments with complete authority over it citizens, foreign policy, finances, and defense. They all have a gover­nor General, as a representative of the British Crown. Britain was the "Mother Country," which gave birth to several British-peopled Nations! It became a great Commonwealth of Nations of the British people. It certainly has the Blessing of Ephraim. But what about the British people themselves, are they descendants of Ephraim?

As we have seen, the Angles, Jutes and Saxons of the Scythians and Parthians consisted of Ephraim and Manasseh. Yair Davidy traces the peoples of Britain back to Ephraim.

"It was suggested that Joseph or at least the tribe of Ephraim had been nicknamed 'Bull-Calf' since Jeremiah 31:18 called Ephraim an 'Aegel,' meaning 'Young Bull' in Hebrew...The Names 'Aegel' and 'Angle' in Nordic Dialects are interchangeable, and it has been demonstrated that 'Aegel' is a diminu­tive form of ‘Angle...’ Herodotus puts the Angles on the edge of Bacteria [Which Josephus calls Parthia, and was one of the cities of Parthia] and apparently these were the 'Augali'...The Saxons and the Angles had once been closely associated. The Angles and the Saxons had once been located in the region between southern Denmark and Havel wherein they sojourned. (pp.379-380, emphasis added). These Angli people invaded Britain: "These tribes which now threatened the Celtic Chiefs of Britain...there are...seven tribes...one of these seven...was the Angli known to history as the Angles" (Story of the English, MacNeil, pp.56-58, emphasis added).

The Angli consisted of many clans within the Angli itself. The names of these clans are identical to the names of Ephraim's clans within the tribe of Ephraim found in Numbers 26:35: "Shutelah [and] other clans of Ephraim were Bercher, Tahan, and Eran. Bercher was recalled in neighboring regions of Bukhara and Bacteria east of the Caspian Sea which were the homes of the Aegloi or Angles of the Sacae-Saxons prior to migrating to Europe" (The Tribes, p.383, emphasis added).

Bercher: "...was also recalled in the Boroctuari who participated in the Anglo-Saxon invasions according to Bede...[and] said were the sons of...the Saxons..." (ibid., p.383, emphasis added).

Tachan: A clan of Ephraim was part of the Scythian tribes: "The Scythian tribes which were at­tacked were the Massagatae [Manasseh] and the Dahae...The names of the Scythian tribes indicate that they were descendants of the Israelite tribes of Manasseh...Ephraimites from the clan of [Dahae] Tahanites (Numbers 26:35)" (Lost Ten Tribes of Israel...Found, p.195, emphasis added).

The Saxons: The Saxons also consisted of Ephraimite peoples as well as the Jutes. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "...The Angli (Angles) definitely had a close affinity with the Saxons" (Saxons," 11th ed., vol.24). The Story of English continues, "To this day the [cultural] gap between the English on the one hand and the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish on the other, is often huge.... To the Celts, their German conquerors (Angles, Jutes and Saxons) were all Saxons" (p. 61).

The Angli are all from Ephraim. The Saxons had clans of Ephraim within it. "The names of the four sons of Ephraim (Shutelah, Eran, Bercher, and Tahan) became the peoples of the Anglo-Saxon host-Shutelah produced the Skiodings from Scandinavia [before the British Invasion]; Eran-the Arri amongst the Saxon; Tahan...whom the Angles absorbed in Europe before the Invasion; Bercher-The Boroctuari and Bogari who joined the conquests. The Angles themselves were known as the 'Aegli'''(The Tribes, p.392, emphasis added). These clans settled Southeast of the British Isles.

There are many references in the Bible to Ephraim as the "Bullock." Of course Jeremiah 31:18 calls Ephraim the "Aegel." According to Davidy, the "Midrash, Ephraim was represented by a Bull...In the proph­ets, it was seen how the northern kingdom [named after Ephraim and Manasseh] was several times referred to as 'Aegelah' or 'female calf'''(ibid, p.402, emphasis added). Ephraim in Deuteronomy 33:17 is called a "bullock." W.H. Bennett says Ephraim's tribal banner was a "bull" (Our Celto-Saxon Heritage, p.24). Brit-ain's symbol is "John Bull."

When God talked about Samaria, which was in the land of Ephraim he said: "Thy Calf (Aegel), O Samaria..." Also"...Ephraim is an Heifer (Aegelah) that is taught (Hosea 8:5; 10:11). The Hebrew word "Egel" is pronounced with an "A" sound, pronounced "Aegel," see Strong's Exhaustive Concordance.

Etymology of the word "Anglo:" Aegel-Aegloi, Aggiloi, Angli (all the names of the Angles), Augali (North of Bateria), Aegloi" (ibid., p..389). These Anglo-Saxons colonized Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc... and became a Great "Company of Nations," indeed Ephraim is Britain, and God gave Ephraim his Birthright as he promised he would!

The United States of America: "America is "One Nation under God., Indivisible" (As stated in the

U.S. pledge of Allegiance). "E Pluribus Unum" means "From Many [people] ONE [Nation]." And as Tocqueville called it, "A GREAT NATION, " i.e MANASSEH!

Of what ethnicity are most Americans? A July 7, 1986, article in U.S. News & World Report revealed that, based on 1980 census figures, nearly 80 percent of Americans polled claimed descent from Northwest Europe: "The government found out that there were 134 different ethnicity's living in the United States. The largest number--nearly 50 million, or 22 percent of the population [at the time]-­claimed English lineage. Americans of German ancestry are almost as numerous. Just behind them are people with Irish ancestors."

According to that article, here are the actual figures given in the 1980 census: English, 49.6 million; German, 49.2 million; Irish, 40.2 million; French, 12.9 million; Scottish, 10 million; Dutch, 6.3 million; Swedish, 4.3 million; Norwegian, 3.5 million; Welsh, 1.7 million; Danish, 1.5 million. This adds up to a total of 179.2 million U.S. citizens who claimed descent from the peoples of Northwest Europe. Of course this number is about 200 million now!

Americans who are not of Northwest European ancestry make up only about one quarter of the total

U.S. population. Latest population figures reveal that blacks constitute only 11.9 percent of the American populace while Hispanics make up only 9.5 percent (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1995 Book of the Year, p. 741).

Remember I showed that God said He would "SIFT the house of ISRAEL among all nations, as grain is sifted in a SIEVE; yet not the smallest grain shall fall to the ground" (Amos 9:9). An interest­ing "parallel" has occurred in American history. For years, immigrants to the U.S. were greeted by the Statue of Liberty on their way to America's chief port of entry, Ellis Island. Notice what Maldwin Jones says: "Ellis Island was a gigantic SIEVE, whose sole function was to keep out undesirables.... [and serve as a gateway] to America for sixteen million immigrants" (pp. 54, 64, emphasis added).

It is interesting to note that U.S. immigration laws and policies--during much of America's critical, formative years and up until the middle of the 20th century--deliberately favored the peoples of Northwest Europe while, at the same time, limiting white peoples from southern or eastern Europe. This idea of a "sieve" has circulated since the early American settlements--and God was seen as the One doing the sifting: "The Puritan founders of New England never doubted that they were, in a quite special way, God's chosen people. One of their leaders spoke of God having 'SIFTED a whole nation' in order to find the instruments which were to work out His purposes in the new world" (p. 18, emphasis added).

American President Calvin Coolidge echoed this sentiment in 1923: "It has often been said God sifted the nations that He might send choice grain into the wilderness [of America]. Who can fail to see in it the hand of destiny? Who can doubt that it [the U.S.] has been guided by the hand of God?"

John Hay, the first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, made this incisive statement in 1787: "Providence [had] been pleased to give this one connected country to one united people--a people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs." Yes, the peoples who formed the 13 original British colonies were overwhelmingly of British stock and spoke the "mother tongue," English. But Can we trace all these people back to Manasseh? Yes we can! And you will see how God sifted the peoples to make sure Manassehalone got his Birthright!

Machir: The Firstborn of Manasseh was Machir, and he was the "father of Gilead...Machir fathered the Amyrgian Scyths, names for whom are recognized as permutations of the name Machir...They were connected with, and neighbors to the Massagatae...The settlement contained locations, whose names bear witness to their presence: Margiana, Marycaei, Maruca. The city Maruca in Sogdiana was later named Smarkland: or 'Camp of Samar' in remembrance of Samaria...The denomination Umerga (for Amyrgio) recurs in the 'Umerugi' of Saxon Germany who were probably a branch of Mercian Saxons also know as Skati Marika, i.e. Scythians (skati) from Maruka or Samarkland in Sogdiana. Similarly, Saxons in West Holstein called by the geographer of Revanna (700 c.e.), 'Abis Maurungani' ...In Europe the Amyrgioi of Scythia (Tribe of Manasseh) were also referred to as the Mearings, Myrce, Myringas, and Mercians...In Saxon England, the Kingdom of Mercia encom­passed a good portion of the country” (The Tribes, pp.359-360, emphasis added). The Mercian Saxons named after Machir son of Manasseh, settled in the West side of Britain, while the Anglos,

i.e. Ephraim settled in the east and south of Britain.

"The son of Machir was Gilead.(pronounced Gileath) from whom emerged the Galadon of Northern Wales and the Galadi Galatians of Gaul, and the Caledonians of Scotland...The Frissians (say Procopius) were important participators in the Anglo-Saxon invasions, and they apparently descend from Peresh son of Machir (1 Chron 7:15-16). Also from Peresh came the Parissi...[which] may also have given a derivation of his name Surrey, which was the southern portion of Saxon Mercia Eng­land" (ibid., p.361, emphasis added). So besides Ephraim, the Saxon invasions also consisted of Manasseh, within the Saxon Tribes, "In Isaac (Saxon) you descendants shall be named" (RSV).

Machir and America: "...the existence of America was realized by the people of Britain including fishermen from the port of Bristol. Richard Ameryk, a Bristol merchant 1470's is now claimed to have maybe given America its name. Ameryk was of Welsh ancestry and his family name originally was "Ap-Meryk", possibly denoting ‘Son of Machir’...Descendants of Manasseh seem to have been especially noticeable among the Celts and Mericians in the west of Britain...From Manasseh domi­nated areas in Britain came a predominant portion of the early settlers of the United States of America who determined the nations guiding characteristics...The Name Machir son of Manasseh became the name ‘AMERICA’ which therefore may be understood as meaning ‘LAND OF MACHIR’’’(ibid., pp.369-370, 374, emphasis added). Davidy points out that all tribes of Manasseh that settled in England, Scotland, and Ireland, "all went to the United States of America...from the West of England [The Kingdom of Mercia] and from Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the United States received approximately 87% of its British Immigrants in its formative period. In other words, early American society was formed largely by groups associable with the tribe of Manasseh" (ibid., p.393, emphasis added). Daniel Webster in 1851, said about these early colonizers: “...there existed in 1775, thirteen colonies of English Origin...coming from different parts of England...But they were all of English Origin” (God's Covenant People, p.159, emphasis added).

What about the large German Population in the U.S.A? Are they all of Manaseeh as well? History shows that the Germans who settled in the United States were actually of the tribe of Manasseh!

The entry on "Germany" in the Britannica: "There have been great oscillations in the actual emigra­tion by sea. It first exceeded 100,000 soon after the Franco-German War (1872, 126,000), and this occurred again in the years 1880 to 1892. Germany lost during these thirteen years more than 1,700,000 inhabitants by emigration. The total number of those who sailed for the United States from 1820 to 1900 may be estimated at more than 4,500,000....

"The greater number of the more recent emigrants [to the U.S.] was from the agricultural provinces of northern Germany--West Prussia, Posen, Pomerania, Mecklenburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Hanover, and sometimes the emigration reached 1% of the total population of these provinces. In subsequent years the emigration of native Germans greatly decreased" (11th ed., vol. 11). What is so special about northern Germany? Notice this reference from Ripley's Races of Europe: "Northwestern Germany--Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, Westphalia--is distinctly allied to the physi­cal type of the Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes. All the remainder of the Empire--no, not even excluding Prussia, east of the Elbe--is less Teutonic in type; until finally in the essentially Alpine broadheaded populations of Baden, Wurttemburg, and Bavaria in the south, the Teutonic race passes from view" (p. 214).

It is generally known that the northern "Low Germans" differ from the southern "High Germans." But there were differences even among the Low Germans.

Another source comments, "A separate study, in the case of Germany at least would seem to indicate that those [immigrants] who went to the U.S.A. in the 1800s were somehow different from those who stayed behind and German officials themselves remarked on such a difference. The claim for such a distinction is based on consideration of physical types, areas-of-origin within Germany, religious orientation and social outlook" (Yair Davidy, The Tribes,, p. 430).  The Racial type for these Germans are Israelite not German. These settled in the U.S.A. and are part of the tribe of Manasseh. These Saxons were called “Calucones,” a name of one of the tribes of Manasseh, see The Tribes, p.372.

Other Nationalities of the U.S.A and Manasseh:

French: The "Sicambian Franks" of France were "partly of Shechem" clan of Manasseh, see Davidy,

p.372.

Dutch: Among the Dutch, there was in Holland the "tribe of UBII:" they are part of the tribe of Manasseh, Davidy, p.309

Scandinavia: And of course Scandinavia (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish) we have the clans of "Phiressi," "Hearthro," "Raumar," and the Hilleviones," that can all be traced to Manasseh, p.373, Davidy. You see how God “SIFTED” through the nations, and have MANASSEH receive his Birth­right!

These people of Manasseh became a “GREAT PEOPLE [NATION]” called the United States of America. God blessed the direct descendants of Manasseh, there is no co-incidence, God gave the Birthright to the peoples of Ephraim and Manasseh.

"Enough has been shown to prove that often groups of divergent backgrounds converging on one spot, are revealed as having originally the SAME TRIBAL IDENTITY" (ibid, p.322, emphasis added).

Clues from our National Heraldry

Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah." (Psalm 60:4).

In Numbers 2:2-34, God commanded the tribes of ancient Israel on their way to the Promised Land to divide into four brigades of three tribes each when they set up camp--with each brigade arranged on one side of the square camp. Each brigade would assemble behind the "standard" of its leading tribe on its side. The four leading tribes were Judah, Reuben, Ephraim and Dan. The Jewish Ency­clopaedia ("Flag") and many other sources attest that the ancient heraldic symbol on the standard of Ephraim was a bull or ox. Dan's, as we have seen earlier, was an eagle. Reuben's was a man. And the symbol of Judah was a lion.

The origin of these symbols can be traced to the prophecies God gave regarding particular tribes (Gen. 49; Deut. 33). Remember what God had said of Ephraim and Manasseh: "His glory is like a firstborn BULL, and his horns [weapons] are like the horns of a wild OX ["UNICORNS" KJV]" (Deut. 33:17). Notice that the New King James replaced the King James word "unicorns" with "a wild ox." This is certainly correct since the medieval unicorn idea is thought to have originated from the bovine oryx of the Sinai Peninsula and not from any horse-related animals!

In Genesis 49:9, God said, "Judah is a lion's whelp." The lion became the national symbol of Judah-­and was later tied to the House of David. Jesus Christ, the Messiah who sprang from that line, is called "the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David" (Rev. 5:5). But we have also seen the lion used as a symbol of Joseph's military power (Mic. 5:8-9) along with the bull and wild ox (or uni­corn).

Recall that, in later years, Jeroboam, the first king of northern Israel, would erect two golden BULLS--one each in the cities of Dan and Bethel--for the Israelites to worship (1 Kings 12:28-33). As Jeroboam was "an Ephraimite" (11:26) of the "house of Joseph" (v. 28), he may have used the fact that the bull was his own tribal symbol to introduce it into Israel's new pagan worship. The Angles (Angli) who immigrated to Britain in the 400s A.D. were people who once worshipped a bull or heifer. Is it any wonder that a well-known nickname for the English is "John Bull"?

Of course, we see these symbols elsewhere in Scripture too. For instance, Israel became associated with THE LION AND THE UNICORN (or wild ox) in Numbers 24:8-9 (KJV)--representing the scepter and birthright tribes of Judah and Joseph respectively. Incredibly, both these symbols appear on the British Coat of Arms, their Great Seal. Between the Lion and the Unicorn are the Old French words, Honi soit qui mal y pense, meaning "Evil to him who thinks evil"--of Britain, that is. This is very similar to the birthright promise: "Cursed be everyone who curses you" (Gen. 27:29; cf. Num. 24:9). At the bottom are words, Dieu et mon droit, meaning "God and my [birth] right." How re­markable! Ephraim was the leading tribe of the family of Joseph who long ago used the BULL as its tribal symbol. The Ephraimites have been the chief possessor of God's birthright blessings (1 Chron. 5:2; Gen. 48:19). As God declares, "Ephraim is My firstborn" (Jer. 31:9). Isn't it naturally fitting that those BIRTHRIGHT people should today have as one of their mottoes, "God and my [birth] right"?

What about the United States? The fact that America began with 13 colonies, and that America's Great Seal has numerous sets of 13 on it, has convinced some that there was a reason for this number 13 being used in connection with Manasseh--the 13th tribe of Israel. The reverse face of the Great Seal (seen on the back of a dollar bill) displays a pyramid with 13 steps; and atop the pyramid is an "all-seeing eye," representing the "eye of God." The obverse face shows an eagle holding in its right claws an olive branch (representing peace), having 13 leaves and 13 olive berries. In its left talons, the eagle is holding 13 arrows (representing its power to fight). Furthermore, on the eagle's breast is a shield, having 13 bars and 13 stripes, representing the 13 original British colonies. Above the eagle's head are 13 stars within a cloud of glory, and in his mouth is a scroll bearing 13 letters--E PLURIBUS UNUM! Thus the number 13 is stamped all over America's Great Seal. Did Almighty God have a hand in seeing to it that the United States of America began with 13 colonies, as a fit reminder that the core peoples of this new nation were, in fact, descendants of Manasseh, the 13th tribe of the ancient Kingdom of Israel?

Let's notice some of the particulars from the Great Seal in light of a few verses. Eagle: "You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings and brought you to Myself" (Ex. 19:4). Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin both wanted an Exodus theme on the seal. Olive branch: Israel's "branches shall spread; his beauty shall be as the olive tree" (Hos. 14:6); "Joseph is a fruitful bough... whose branches run over the wall" (Gen. 49:22). The olive branch "is particularly the heraldic device of the tribe of Manasseh" (E. Raymond Capt, Our Great Seal: The Symbols of Our Heritage and Our Destiny, 1979, p. 49).

Arrows: "The archers have bitterly grieved [Joseph].... But his bow remained in strength... by the hands of the Mighty God of Jacob" (Gen. 49:23-24). The golden radiance breaking from within a cloud represents the shekinah (Heb. "indwelling") glory of God--His presence--such as in the pillar of cloud and fire by which God led the ancient Israelites through the wilderness. Notice that the 13 stars in the glory are arranged in a "Star of David" formation!

Possession of the Gates of their Enemies

A major reason for British and American supremacy over the high seas is something that was proph­esied thousands of years ago. Recall what God told Abraham: "Your seed shall possess the gate ["Gates" plural Ferrar Fenton Translation] of their enemies" (Gen 22:17).

"And they blessed Rebekah [Isaac's wife], and said unto her, Thou art our sister, be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seed possess the gate [“gates” Ferrar] of those which hate them" (Genesis 24:60). This birthright was passed down to Jacob and his seed.

The British colonized, developed, expanded around the globe, finally reaching the status of EM­PIRE. Study any pre-World War II map of the world. Maps and globes of that period usually colored the British Commonwealth red; her territories and protectorates pink.

One could look anywhere on earth, and find British possessions; dominance and influence. First, one would see the British Isles, lying like a dominating lion offshore Europe; secure behind the famous English channel, yet guarding the gateways to Europe; the Kategat and Skagerrak; the ports of Holland and France. The position of the British Isles has been absolutely decisive in the course of history—has influenced dramatically the outcome of many, many wars, including the first and sec­ond World Wars!

Then, one thinks of the vast territory, natural resources and physical wealth of Canada; the continent "down under," Australia; the island nation of New Zealand. There is South Africa, with some of the richest deposits of minerals and natural wealth on earth.

During the last of the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth, Britain controlled many, many other nations, including India, Egypt; the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, as it used to be called; many of the nations of East Africa, including those lost by Germany following the Treaty of Versailles. Britain had possessions all over the globe! Here are some of them:

Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Gibraltar, Malta, Crete, the Suez Canal, The Khyber Pass, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Ceylon, Rhodesia, Kenya, and Tanganyika; Singapore and the Straits of Malacca; Hong Kong, Brunei, the Gilberts and Solomons, New Georgia and New Guinea; Santa Cruz. In the Atlantic, Britain controlled the Hebrides, the Falklands, Bermuda, Bahamas, Barbuda, Antigua, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Barbados, the Cayman Islands, and British Honduras, as well as British Guiana.

The major sea and land gates of the world were possessed almost entirely by the British and the United States.

For our own part, the strategic location of the United States itself, protected from Europe's wars by the vast Atlantic and Pacific oceans, has played a vital role in the preservation of freedom in America. We possessed vitally important sea gates and strategic island defenses in the Panama Canal; Guantanamo on Cuba, the Hawaiian Islands; Midway, Guam, and Wake. We possessed the frigid island chain of the Aleutians with Dutch Harbor. Only a cursory knowledge of history would serve to impress upon anyone the vital, all-important strategic value of these areas.

Britain possessed Gibraltar and Suez, thereby bottling up the Mediterranean, and with Malta, Crete and Cyprus available as naval bases, not to mention Alexandria, in Egypt, as well as the Bosporus-Dardanelles between European Turkey and the Anatolian Peninsula, bottling up the Black Sea. Britain stood astride the most vital sea lanes in the world.

Add to this the huge naval base at Singapore and the Straits of Malacca, Hong Kong on the Chinese littoral, together with Brunei, and one gets a picture of how and why Britain was able, together with the Dutch (who are the descendants of Zebulon, another of the so-called "lost ten tribes") who pos­sessed the East Indies, to maintain a powerful naval and military presence in the Far East. What about the possession between those two SAXON BROTHERS, the Great Company of Nations of Britain, and America, a Great single Powerful Nation "Possessing the Gates of their enemies." THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ALL OF THOSE AREAS, IS IMPOSSIBLE TO OVER EMPHA­SIZE!

American and British Possessions at the Height of their Power

Other Proofs that Show Our Identity

"According to the Midrash the symbol of Joseph was a picture representing Egypt. The Great Seal of America (shown on every dollar bill) has a pyramid. Egypt can be universally recognized only by the picture of the Sphinx, or one of a Pyramids" (The Tribes p.407, emphasis added). Allen writes: "...[the] Great Pyramid of Egypt, which is one of the two great monuments of Egypt, the birthplace of Ephraim and Manasseh, the Egypto-Israelitish sons of Joseph, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham. And, marvel of marvels! The national Crest of England has that other great monument of Egypt, the Sphinx, on its reverse side. Thus do the people of Great Britain and the United

States of America, the Brother nations, by that which speaks louder than words, for signs are arbi­trary, say that they are the offspring's of the Egypto-Israelitish holders of the Abrahamic birthright. (Judah's Sceptre, p.626, emphasis added).

Many Waters: In the prophecies of Baalam, God made him prophesied about Israel's future. In the book of Numbers, Baalam prophesied by the Spirit of God and said: "How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel!...He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed shall be in many waters,..." (Numbers 24:5, 7). History demonstrates, that the British Navy was the most powerful in the world. Not to mention the Merchant Marines. Israel was to “dwell in many waters.”

Look at our peoples today. We have the greatest fresh water lakes on earth, the Great Lakes of East­ern Canada and the U.S.. The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the English Channel, the Arctic Ocean. The Indian Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, the Mighty Mississippi River, the North Sea etc...

Strange Names: After Israel lost their identifying sign, which resulted in them losing their identity (explained later), the adopted in the place of God, the names of Baal! (Jeremiah 23:27).

The name of Baal was virtually plastered all over ancient maps of Palestine. We read in the Bible of places named "Baal-peor," and "Baal-zephon"; and remember that even some individuals were named after this false god, such as "Baalam" (which merely means the plural—"many Baals"). Now, notice this incredible list of the names of Baal found in Ireland!

Baal-y-Bai, Baal-y-Gowan, Baal-y-Nahinsh, Baal-y-Castle, Baaly-Moni, Baal-y-Ner, Baal-y-Garai, Baal-y-Nah, Baal-y-Con-el, Baal-y-Hy, Baal-y-Hull-Ish, Baal-Nah-Brach, Baal-Athi, Baal-Dagon.

Howlett, a pastor in the 19th century in that region, says, "These certainly are memorials of the Baal worship once prevailing in Ireland. In them we have not only the name of Baal but its conjunction also with other Hebrew names. How can this be accounted for, except as they were so called by immigrants from Phoenicia and Palestine?"

In the the Bible you also read the name "Lord" in the place of God's name "YHWH" or "Yahweh." The name means the "Eternal," or "Ever-living One."

"Lord" however means "Baal." In the book, The Two Babylon's by Hislop, he writes: "The word Lord actually means Baal, which is Nimrod." God says that Israel will be corrected in the future: "And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD, that thou shalt call me Ishi; and shalt call me no more Baali... For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be re­membered by their name" (Hosea 2:16-17).

People can't escape the fact that the House of Israel was deeply into Baal worship. You find this evidence all over the book of Kings, and even today we worship festivals and rituals that all are associated with Baal worship, like the Christmas tree, Easter, Hallowe'en, etc... Notice this example that Jeremiah gives about the HOUSE OF ISRAEL NOT JUDAH: "Hear ye the word which the LORD speaketh unto you, O house of Israel: " Thus saith the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them.

"For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the ax.[Lumber Jack]

" They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails and with hammers, that it move not. " They are upright as the palm tree, but speak not: they must needs be borne, because they cannot go. Be not afraid of them; for they cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good" (Jer 10:1-5). What is the tradition every year at Christmas time? Exactly what you read in Jeremiah. Christmas is actually the Pagan festival of the winter solstice of the Sun, who is Baal. This prophecy from Jer­emiah about the House of Israel, is exactly what we of the House of Israel do today, not Judah but Israel!

Supremacy of the Military of Britain and America: During the 40 year sojourn of Israel in the wilderness, its enemies hired Baalam to curse Israel, but instead he blessed Israel, forced by God to do so, see Numbers 22-24.

Baalam said: "How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed? or how shall I defy, whom the LORD hath not defied?...How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel!...God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows....He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee." (Num 23:8; 24:5, 8-9).

The prophet Micah also prophesied that Israel would be like the king of Beasts among the Nations of the earth: "And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles in the midst of many people as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go through, both treadeth down, and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver. " Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all thine enemies shall be cut off." (Micah 5:8-9).

Genesis 49 describes the military might of Joseph in the “last days,” “Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall: " The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him:

" But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:)

" Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee...

" The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren." (49:22-26).

Israel is also described as God's Battle ax to destroy evil nations that don't obey God: "The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the LORD of hosts is his name.

"Thou art my battle ax and weapons of war: for with thee will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms;" (Jer 51:19-20). Many a time the U.S.A and Britain had to deal with rogue nations, that oppress their people. People who are led by dictators like Hitler and Mussolini. The Israelitish nations saved the entire would from Nazism and Communism. God Used Israel to defeat the evil powers of this world and to restore freedom and democracy.

A global power shift occurred in the last few years of the 1700s. Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to seize Egypt, fully intending to gain control of the Mideast and, eventually, to wrest India from the British as a prized imperial possession. But he was thwarted by the British navy. In 1798, Britain's Admiral Horatio Nelson tracked Napoleon's French fleet to Aboukir Bay, Egypt, and then almost destroyed it at the famous Battle of the Nile.

"Overnight, the Mediterranean became an English sea. Napoleon's army, although intact, was stranded in Egypt. Bonaparte could not march to India which was his plan-without a fleet behind to supply him. He tried to move up through the Levant [Eastern Mediterranean] but a British naval squadron stopped him at Acre. 'If it had not been for you English, I'd have been Emperor of the East,' he said later. 'But wherever there is water to float a ship we are sure to find you [English] in the way'" (British Empire, vol. 1, p. 274, emphasis added).

One of history's most significant naval engagements occurred in 1805, when British Admiral Lord Nelson virtually annihilated a combined French and Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar and captured 20 enemy ships. Although Lord Nelson died in battle, France, Spain and other nations were forced to acknowledge British supremacy over the high seas. British historian James Morris, in his Pax Britannica, writes, "The presence of the sea, at once insulating the Mother Country and linking it with the Empire, gave the British an imperial confidence" (p. 46).

Britain's pride in her supremacy over the seven seas was aptly illustrated by the words of British Admiral St. Vincent: "I do not say the French cannot come. I only say they cannot come by sea."

In the fateful years 1853-1854, American naval power, under Commodore Matthew C. Perry, per­suaded the Japanese leaders to crawl out of their isolationist cocoon, thereby opening Japan to the outside world. And American sea power later enabled the U.S. to achieve a quick victory over Spain in the Spanish-American War of 1898.

Anglo-American dominance of the high seas was crucial in their victory over the Central Powers in World War I and the Axis Powers in World War II. Even though Germany and Japan seriously chal­lenged the U.S. and Britain on the high seas during World War II, Anglo-American naval strength-aided by Almighty God-finally won out!

"Seven Times" Punishment: God told Israel that if they did not obey him, that "Seven times" punishment would pass over them, until they would receive their national inheritance once again, see Lev 26:27-28.

For disobedience, God promised terrible punishments. Sadly, this is what happened repeatedly. Notice what God said to these people who refused to live by His law: "And after all this, IF you do NOT obey Me, then I will punish you SEVEN TIMES MORE for your sins" (Lev. 26:18). The phrase "seven times more" is translated from the Hebrew words, ‘sheba,’ simply meaning ‘seven,’ and ‘yacaph,’ meaning ‘to add, increase, do again’’’ (Enhanced Strong's Lexicon, 1992). The sense conveyed is that of "multiplied times seven" or "sevenfold"-here meaning seven times greater inten­sity of punishment. God then lists some of these increased punishments (which, as we will later see, are dual-applying to both ancient and end-time Israel). And what if they still wouldn't obey? "Then, if you walk contrary to Me, and are not willing to obey Me, I will bring on you SEVEN TIMES MORE PLAGUES, according to your sins" (v. 21). The plagues upon them would be increased seven times yet again!

Yet, despite the terrible punishment God brought on the Israelites, they still failed to heed and obey Him. What did the Eternal say would happen in this case? "And if by these things you are not re­formed by Me, but walk contrary to Me, then I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish you yet SEVEN TIMES for your sins" (vv. 23-24). There is something very important to notice here! The word "more" does not occur after "seven times" as it did above. This is not, then, talking about a sevenfold increase in intensity as before.

The word ‘sheba’ ("seven") can also refer to duration, continuation or repetition of an action over some period of time. In Psalm 119:164 and Proverbs 24:16, "seven times" (Heb. ‘sheba’) refers to something being repeated seven times. The same is true of the "seven times" of Leviticus 26:24. It is talking about a specific punishment repeated seven times. As it is a repeated punishment, each episode must be of equal duration. Thus, we are talking about seven successive time periods making up one long period of punishment.

Has God ever used "seven times" to correctively punish someone else? In fact, He has-King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon! God, wanting to humble this arrogant world ruler, said that the king would be reduced to eating grass with the cattle for a period of time: "And SEVEN TIMES shall pass over you, until you know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men" (Dan. 4:32). For seven literal years, Nebuchadnezzar was out of his mind, grazing with the oxen. So a biblical "time" equals a year.

We must be careful here though. A "time" is not a 365-day solar year. In the ancient past, a year was considered to be 360 days, based on twelve 30-day months. To demonstrate, the Great Flood of Noah's era was exactly five months--equal to 150 days (Gen. 7:11, 24; 8:4). Thus, each month was exactly 30 days-and 12 months would have been 360 days!

When God sent the spies into the promised land to search it out, prior to Israel crossing over Jordan to possess it, they were gone, searching, for forty days.

Later, after God rejected Moses from entering the land; deprived the complaining, murmuring, rebellious older generation of Israelites from entering the promised land, He announced they would be delayed in possessing their promised inheritance for forty years!

He explained He had set each day that the spies had wandered in the land to stand for one year. "But as for you, your carcasses, they shall fall in this wilderness.

"After [according to] the number of days in which ye searched the land, even forty days, EACH DAY FOR A YEAR, ye shall bear your iniquities, even forty years, and ye shall know my [opposi­tion, alienation] breach of promise!" (Numbers 14:32-34).

Plainly, God caused them to endure forty years of additional hardship; wandering, deprivation of privilege—of inheritance—to teach them a bitter lesson!

Now, notice! When God told His prophet Ezekiel to portray the coming siege against Jerusalem on a piece of tile, He said, "Moreover take thou unto thee an iron plate, and set it for a wall of iron be­tween thee and the city: and set thy face against it, and it shall be besieged, and thou shalt lay siege against it. This shall be a sign to the House of Israel!

"Lie thou also upon thy left side, and lay the iniquity of the House of Israel upon it: according to the number of days that thou shalt lie upon it thou shalt bear their iniquity.

"For I have laid upon thee the YEARS of their iniquity, ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF THE DAYS, three hundred and ninety days: so shalt thou bear the iniquity of the House of Israel" (Ezekiel 4:2-5).

He went on to say, concerning Judah, "...and thou shalt bear the iniquity of the House of Judah [a separate nation, distinct from the House of Israel!] forty days: I have appointed thee each day for a year" (verse 6).

As a key to understanding prophetic chronology, God tells us He reckons differently than the hea­then calendars of this world. Read Revelation 12:6, 14 and 13:5. Here, we have three values: "A thousand, two hundred, and threescore days" (1,260); a "time, times, and half a time," and "forty and two months."

These verses deal with a span of time in ancient history of 1,260 years as well as a literal three and one-half years which are yet future! Simple mathematics show that God reckons prophetic time as follows: 1) Each prophetic year has exactly 360 days.

(2) Each prophetic month has thirty days.

(3) Each prophetic day symbolizes one year in fulfillment.

Forty-two months, 1,260 days, and three and one-half years are all the same length of time. This is the key to understanding the meaning of the "seven times" during which Israel would bear their iniquities—being deprived of the national greatness; the bounteous inheritance God had prom­ised the seed of Abraham!

With this principle clearly in mind, we can now return to Leviticus 26 and discover what the "seven times" in verse 24 refer to. God was speaking here of seven prophetic "times" or years with 360 days each. Therefore, 7 x 360 days = 2,520 days. Using the day-for-a-year principle, each DAY here represents a YEAR of national punishment-a DELAY in the promised blessings (as in Numbers 14:34; Ezekiel 4:6). This gives us 2,520 YEARS that the birthright blessings would be WITHHELD!

Now Israel ceased to be a kingdom in 718 B.C.. From that time on they wandered into Europe and the British -Isles. Now subtract 2520 from 718 B.C. and this leaves you with the number 1802 A.D. Problem is, when you came from 1 B.C. to 1 A.D. you lost a year. So you have to add one year in your chronological reckoning, and you come up with 1803 A.D.!

Its interesting that in 1803, that happens to be the year of the Louisiana Purchase. Before 1800, the United Kingdom, and the United States were small insignificant Nations. Britain consisted of the British Isles, India and a few Islands. The United States consisted of the original 13 colonies, and three added states. Neither possessed any great wealth or power. Then in 1803 A.D., the Louisiana Purchase brought the United States National wealth and Power, by purchasing hundreds and hun­dreds of acres of land, and ever since that time, it became the GREATEST SUPERPOWER! The

U.S. acquired more than 500 million acres of the riches, most fertile farmland on this earth-the "Bread basket of the world." And, by this awesome purchase, the United States grew about 140 per cent!

In 1800, exactly 2,520 years after Israel's capital city of Samaria fell to the Assyrians, the U.S. capi­tal was moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.!

Every major sea gate of the world (such as Gibralter, Panama Canal, Suez Canel, Hong Kong) were under the possession and control of Great Britain and the United States

The Industrial Revolution began exclusively in Britain in the 1750s, and by the turn of the century London was the financial and trading capital of the world. In 1803, Henry Maudslay devised the first industrial assembly line at Portsmouth, England, to manufacture rigging for the Royal Navy.  The British sprouted into the greatest Empire the world has ever seen. They became a great Company of many nations. The Nations of the Commonwealth were given Dominion status-made free and inde­pendent of England-A Company a Commonwealth of Nations, joined together, not by legal govern­ment, but solely by the head of state of all the Commonwealth, THE THRONE OF DAVID! This happened exactly "SEVEN TIMES" AFTER THE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL CEASED IN 718 B.C.!

The Great Expansion of the 1800's

America Breaks Away From Britain Prophesied: Isaiah, addressing the people called Israel in the Islands predicts the following: "For thy waste and thy desolate places, and the land of thy destruc­tion, shall even now be too narrow by reason of the inhabitants, and they that swallowed thee up shall be far away.

"The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell" (Isa 49:19-20). In the book of Hosea, Israel is called the "Mother." Here is mother Israel (England) losing a child. They have lost one company of people, and yet their children say, that the land that they live in is too small, cramped and crowded, because of the population of such a small country. Consequently they ask the mother country to give them a place to dwell also. Or according to Lesser's Translation, they say "Make room for me to dwell," and the Mother country must do it, because it is she who God has given to "desolate places of the Earth."

England is the only country whom these conditions obtain. Her first child was called New England, but she lost it because of the American Revolution, and now it, together with that which, for various reasons, has been annexed-is called The United States of America. Secular history confirms, “Britain ‘LOST’ the territory which had the greatest military and economic potential and which would-much later-become a world superpower. The defection of the American colonies in 1776...” (The British Empire in Color, by Stewart Binns, p.15, emphasis added). Amazing how Britain refers to the U.S.A. as the “lost” colony the way the Bible does!

But after losing her American Colonies, her work of colonizing non-populated areas of the world, that the colonizers called the "...virgin portions of North America" (Rise and Fall of British Empire, p.12), kept right on going, colonizing Provinces, and then calling it, The Dominion of Canada. Then Britain added six States of Australia, and then came New Zealand, Tasmania, British India, the Fiji Islands, and parts of Africa, Egypt, and China.

God said, because of the "inhabitants" that the place was "too small," and the British people had to go and find new homelands or colonies. Only Bible prophecy explains why the colonizing instinct became so strong in these peoples in the 1600's. Remember, that Joseph's descendants would be­come the chief colonizers of Israel: "Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a well; his branches run over the wall" (Gen. 49:22). But where would they "run over the wall" (colonize)? Verse 26: "Up to the utmost bound of the everlasting hills." See also Genesis 27:28. The Great Branches or colonies of Joseph in the riches and bountiful places of the Earth.

How did Britain become "too small"--creating the need to colonize? Historians reveal that various factors (war, famine, disease) kept the population of Britain from increasing very rapidly until the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850). Then, suddenly, a population explosion occurred. British histo­rian, Colin Cross, observes that "one of the unexplained mysteries of social history is the explosion in the size of the population of Great Britain between 1750 and 1850. For generations the British population had been static, or rising only slightly. Then in the space of a century it almost tripled-from 7.7 million in 1750 to 20.7 million in 1850. Why it happened is unknown.... It must just be recorded that human reproduction and vitality follows unpredictable patterns.... Britain was a dy­namic country and one of the marks of its dynamism was the population explosion" (Fall of the British Empire, p. 155).